【正文】 a prehensive understanding of the work without paying special attention to the symbols. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of such works. The very title points to a double symbol: the scarlet letter A worn by Hester conveys a multiple of senses which differ greatly from what it literally stands for, and the work eventually develops into a test and critique of symbols themselves. Thomas Pynchon’s V. continues along much the same line, testing an alphabetical symbol. Another example is Herman Melville’s MobyDick, in which the huge white whale in the title of the book acquires greater meaning than the literal dictionarydefinition of an aquatic mammal. It also suggests more than the devil, to whom some of the characters liken it. The huge whale, as the story unfolds, es to imply an amplitude of meanings: among them the forces of nature and the whole universe. Literary symbols are of two broad types: one type includes those embodying universal suggestions of meaning. Flowing water suggests time and eternity, a journey into the underworld and return from it is interpreted as a spiritual experience or a dark night of the soul, and a kind of redemptive odyssey. Such symbols are used widely (and sometimes unconsciously) in western literature. The other type of symbol secures its suggestiveness not from qualities inherent in itself but from the way in which it is used in a given work, in a special context. Thus, in MobyDick the voyage, the land, and the ocean are objects pregnant with meanings that seem almost independent of the author’s use of them in the story。 on the other hand, the white whale is invested with different meanings for different crew members through the handling of materials in the novel. Similarly, in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, rain, which is generally regarded as a symbol of life (especially in spring), and which is a mildly annoying meteorological phenomenon in the opening chapter, is converted into a symbol of death through the uses to which it is put in the work. 3. Symbols in fiction are inanimate objects Often symbols we meet in fiction are inanimate objects. In William Faulker’s “A Rose for Emily,” Miss Emily’s invisible but perceptible watch ticking at the end of a golden chain not only indicates the passage of time, but suggests that time passes without even being noticed by the watch’s owner. The golden chain to which it is attached carries suggestions of wealth and authority. Other things may also function symbolically. In James Joyce’s “Araby,” the very name of the bazzar, Araby—the poetic name for Arabia—suggests magic, romance, and The Arabian Nights。 its syllables, the narrator tells us, “cast an Eastern enchantment over me.” Even a locale, or a feature of physical topography, can provide rich symbolic suggestions. The caf233。 in Ernest Hemingway’s “A Clean, WellLighted Place” is not merely a caf233。, but an island of refuge from sleepless night, chaos, loneliness, old age, the meaninglessness of life, and impending death. In some novels and stories, some characters are symbolic. Such characters usually appear briefly and remain slightly mysterious. In Joseph Cornard’s Heart of Darkness, a steamship pany that hires men to work in Congo maintains in its waiting room two women who knit black wool—they symbolize the classical Fates. Such a character is seen as a portrait rather than as a person, at least portrait like. Faulkner’s Miss Emily, twice appears at a window of her houses “l(fā)ike the carven torso of an idol in the niche.” Though Faulkner invests her with life and vigor, he also clothes her in symbolic hints: she seems almost to重慶綦江通惠濱河路市政工程項(xiàng)目建議書目 錄第 1 章 項(xiàng)目業(yè)主單位情況簡介 ......................................................1第 2 章 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的背景及必要性 ....................................................2 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)背景 ...................................................................2 區(qū)域社會(huì)背景 ..............................................................2 項(xiàng)目背景 ..................................................................3 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)必要性 .................................................................4 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)是綦江縣規(guī)劃路網(wǎng)的要求 .............................................4 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)是城市化發(fā)展的要求 ................................................5 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)是改善人民生活水平的需要 ...........................................5 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)是調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的要求 ................................5第 3 章 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)條件 ..............................................................7 項(xiàng)目所在地理位置 ...............................................................7 工程建設(shè)條件 ...................................................................7 相交道路現(xiàn)狀及規(guī)劃 ........................................................7 道路建設(shè)條件 ..............................................................7第 4 章 工程建設(shè)方案 ..............................................................9 工程建設(shè)初步方案 ...............................................................9 工程規(guī)模 ......................................................................11第 5 章 項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度安排設(shè)想 .........................................................12第 6 章 工程投資估算及資金籌措 ...................................................13 投資估算 ......................................................................13 工程建設(shè)費(fèi)用 ..............................................................13 建設(shè)工程其它費(fèi)用 ..........................................................13 基本預(yù)備費(fèi) ................................................................13 建設(shè)期貸款利息 ............................................................13 投資估算表 ................................................................14 資金籌措 ......................................................................15第 7 章 效益分析與社會(huì)影響 .......................................................16 社會(huì)效益和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 ........................................................16types of sentence are used, what is their function? Sentence plexity: Do sentences on whole have a simple or a plex structure? What is the average sentence length? Does p