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【正文】 nactment(設(shè)定 , 制定 ). The controls may be manual or automatic, human or mechanical. 6. Policy(政策 ): A guiding principle (指導(dǎo)原則 ). This highlevel process constraint influences process enactment. It may include a prescribed development process, a tool that must be used, or a mandatory management style. 7. Organization: The hierarchical structure (層次結(jié)構(gòu) , 分級結(jié)構(gòu) ) of process agents(代理 (商 )), with physical grouping corresponding to logical grouping and related roles. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR PROCESS MODELING ? Dynamic Modeling: System Dynamics（動態(tài)模型：系統(tǒng)動態(tài)） Structure of software development (AbdelHamid l996). PRACTICAL PROCESS MODELING（實際的過程模型） ? Marvel Case Studies 1. a rulebased specification of process behavior (一個基于規(guī)則的過程行為 ) 2. an objectoriented definition of the model39。s information process(一個面向?qū)ο竽Ｐ偷男畔⑦^程的定義 ) 3. a set of envelopes to interface between Marvel and external software tools used to execute the process. PRACTICAL PROCESS MODELING ? Desirable properties of Process Modeling Tools and Techniques （合乎過程模型要求的工具與方法的性質(zhì)） 1. Facilitates human understanding and munication. (易于理解與交流 ) 2. Supports process improvement. (支持過程的改進(jìn) ) 3. Supports process management. (支持過程管理 ) 4. Provides automated guidance in performing the process. (在執(zhí)行過程中自動給予指導(dǎo) ) 5. Supports automated process execution. (支持自動過程的運(yùn)行 )
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