chapter13senseorgansandthesensoryfunctionof-資料下載頁(yè)
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【正文】 object image refraction ? in focus move forward force↑ (視區(qū)皮層 ) (睫狀肌收縮 ) (懸韌帶松弛 ) (晶狀體變凸 ) ② Miosis (瞳孔縮小 )： Decrease spherical aberration and Color aberration (減少球面像差和色像差 ) ③ Double eye convergence (兩眼會(huì)聚 )： 使物像落在兩眼視網(wǎng)膜的相稱(chēng)位置 (4)Refraction abnormity of eye (眼的折光異常 ) ① Myopia (近視 ) ② Hyperopia (遠(yuǎn)視 ) ③ Astigmatism (散光 ) (1)Structure characteristic of the retinal (視網(wǎng)膜的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) ) (2)Two kinds of sensitization transducer system of retinal (視網(wǎng)膜的兩種感光換能系統(tǒng) ) ? 項(xiàng) 目 視錐細(xì)胞系統(tǒng) 視桿細(xì)胞系統(tǒng) ? 分布 (人 ) 愈近中心部愈多 愈近周邊部愈多 ? 信息傳遞 單線(xiàn)或聚合程度低 聚合程度高 ? 感光色素 視錐色素 (三種 ) 視紫紅質(zhì) ? 光 敏 度 較差 (感受強(qiáng)光 ) 較好 (感受暗光 ) ? 視 覺(jué) 明視覺(jué) 暗視覺(jué) ? 視 敏 度 高 低 ? 色 覺(jué) 有 無(wú) ? 動(dòng)物種系 雞等 貓頭鷹等 (3)Sensitization exchange energy mechanism of the rod cell (視桿細(xì)胞的感光換能機(jī)制 ) ? ① The photochemical reaction and metabolism of rhodopsin(視紫紅質(zhì)的光化學(xué)反應(yīng)及代謝 ) opsin Alltrans retinal 全反型視黃醛 rhodopsin 11 –cis retinal 11 –順型視黃醛 supply (視紫紅質(zhì) ) (視蛋白 ) ② Sensitization transducer system of photoreceptor (光感受器的感光換能機(jī)制 ) Receptor potential : Hyperpolarization type (超極化型，脊椎動(dòng)物 ) Depolarization type (去極化型，無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物 ) Rhodopsin(視紫紅質(zhì) ) opsin＋ retinene(視蛋白＋ 視黃醛 ) opsin conformation change activating GT CGMP degradation natrium channels opening hyperpolarization type(超極化型 ) receptor potential（視桿 C） depolarization and hyperpolarization type receptor potential （雙極 C） AP（ N節(jié) C) along optic nerve ascending(沿視神經(jīng)上傳 ) (4) Energy conversion and color vision of viewing pyramid system (視錐系統(tǒng)的換能和色覺(jué) ) Three primary colors theory Consider now: Cones cell(視錐細(xì)胞 ) Three primary colors encode(三原色編碼 ) Horizontal cell contrast colors encode 水平細(xì)胞 (中樞神經(jīng)元處 ) Visual center path and cortex location (視覺(jué)的中樞通路與皮層定位 ) (5) Other phenomenon related with the retina (與視網(wǎng)膜有關(guān)的其他現(xiàn)象 ) ① Dark adaptation (暗適應(yīng) ) The phenomenon that from bright places to dark areas, we couldn’t see the substance clearly at the beginning, but could see it gradually after the period of time. (人從亮處進(jìn)入暗處 ,起初視物不清楚 , 經(jīng)一段時(shí)間后能逐漸看清物體的現(xiàn)象 。 視桿慢 ，適應(yīng)程度高 ， 視錐反之 ) ② Light adaptation (明適應(yīng) ) The phenomenon that from dark places to bright areas, we couldn’t see the substance clearly at the beginning, but photopic vision resumed after the period of time. (人從暗處進(jìn)入亮處 ,起初視物不清楚 ,稍候片刻明視覺(jué)恢復(fù)的現(xiàn)象 ) ③ Visual field (視野 ) 單眼注視前方一點(diǎn)不動(dòng)時(shí) ,該眼所能看到的范圍 Ken(視野范圍 )： Whiteyellow and blueredgreen (白 黃藍(lán) 紅 綠 ) Temple sidenose side (顳側(cè) 鼻側(cè) ) “Chapter 14 Movement function of nervous system (神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)能 )” “introduction” to menu
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