【正文】
小于1/2截面高度;梁端抽出小于50mm;磚柱上出現(xiàn)小于5mm的水平錯動;門窗嚴(yán)重變形≤≤≤中度損壞中修Ⅳ自然間磚墻壁上出現(xiàn)寬度大于30mm的裂縫,多條裂縫總寬度大于50mm;梁端抽出小于60mm;磚柱上出現(xiàn)小于25mm的水平錯動。嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞大修自然間磚墻壁上出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重交叉裂縫、上下貫通裂縫,以及墻體嚴(yán)重外鼓、歪斜;鋼筋混凝土梁、柱裂縫沿截面貫通;梁端抽出大于60mm;磚柱上出現(xiàn)大于25mm的水平錯動;有倒塌危險極度嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞拆建根據(jù)測區(qū)水平變形預(yù)計圖及磚混結(jié)構(gòu)建筑物的損壞等級劃分,可知下圖,陰影部分為二級破壞等級。,位于黃家村以西,327國道以南。無村莊分布,大部分為農(nóng)田,因此,此工作面的開采情況對居民區(qū)房屋沒有構(gòu)成較大威脅。圖66 測區(qū)二級破壞程度區(qū)域圖山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 總結(jié)7 總結(jié)于2014年7月在古城煤礦開采的3207條帶開采工作面開展了地表巖移觀測工作,沿走向布設(shè)了一條觀測線,沿傾向布設(shè)了兩條觀測線,共埋設(shè)了147個測點,符合煤礦測量規(guī)范的要求。該面于2014年7月開始回采至2015年4月采完。3207工作面自2013年9月27日進行觀測,共進行了20次高程測量,3次平面測量。觀測站聯(lián)系測量采用礦內(nèi)GPS控制點,高程巖移觀測采用水準(zhǔn)測量與GPSRTK技術(shù)。巖移數(shù)據(jù)處理及二維圖形繪制與地質(zhì)采礦條件模擬采用了 MAPINFO、SURFER等軟件進行,做到了開采沉陷觀測的可視化,實踐了新技術(shù)在開采沉陷觀測研究中的應(yīng)用。經(jīng)過兩年半的巖移觀測工作,借助于大量詳盡的實測資料,用計算機計技術(shù)計算了地表各種移動與變形值,繪制了各種移動與變形圖,用先進的理論和方法詳盡的分析了古城煤礦3207工作面地表移動基本規(guī)律及移動參數(shù)。主要獲得了如下重要參數(shù)和成果:地表移動盆地形態(tài)及最大移動與變形值及位置。地表移動與變形的一般參數(shù):;超前影響距為152m,176。;;滯后距為147m,176。巖層移動角值:東西線一巖層移動角為50176。;地表移動參數(shù),如:;;;176。,最大下沉角θ為88176。觀測站數(shù)據(jù)處理與數(shù)據(jù)管理、計算機繪圖、移動求參方法。這些研究成果將為“三下”開采設(shè)計、采區(qū)設(shè)計、土地賠償、土地復(fù)墾、綜合利用等項技術(shù)工作提供科學(xué)依據(jù),保證礦井各項生產(chǎn)、技術(shù)、安全工作的順利進行。山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 參考文獻參考文獻[1] 吳彰森。胡耀平. 深度探討基于G PS的變形監(jiān)測[J]. 科技資訊 , 2009 , 第7期.[2] Kwon LB,KimCY Choi M Y. Distibutes strain and temperature measurement of a beam using fiber optical BOTDA sensor[M], 2003[3] 陳芳. 煤礦工業(yè)廣場地表移動變形監(jiān)測分析與預(yù)測:以祁東礦為例[A]. [4] 欒元重 呂法奎 班訓(xùn)海. 動態(tài)變形觀測與預(yù)報[M]. 北京:中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,.[5] 李鈾。白世偉。楊春和。袁叢華. 礦山覆巖移動特征與安全開采深度[J]. 巖土力學(xué) , 2005 , 第1期.[6] and .Deformation monitoring system of circular tunnel cross section[M].,2008[7] 煤炭科學(xué)研究院北京開采研究所. 煤礦地表移動與覆巖破壞規(guī)律及其應(yīng)用[M]. 北京:煤炭工業(yè)出版社 , .[8] 高鵬. 基于G IS的煤礦地表沉陷規(guī)律研究及其生態(tài)影響分析:以內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯市礦區(qū)為例[A].[9] Method—A Case Study[J],Mining Engineering,1998(9) 2025.[10] 傅佩河。祝仰民。項順懷。周長根. 村莊下深部煤層開采地表移動規(guī)律分析[J]. 煤炭工程 , 2006 , 第7期.[11] 崔有禎. 開采沉陷與建筑物變形觀測[M]. 北京:機械工業(yè)出版社 , [12] 何國清. 礦山開采沉陷學(xué)[M]. 徐州:中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社, [13] 羅賢萬. 煤礦開采引發(fā)地表變形的動態(tài)測量方法探析[J]. 城市建設(shè)理論研究(電子版) , 2011 , 第15期.[14] 張勇. 動態(tài)測量方法在煤礦開采引發(fā)地表變形的應(yīng)用探析[J]. 科技信息 , 2011 , 第26期.[15] [D],泰安:山東科技大學(xué),2003[16] 馬凱 燕志明 馬凱. 礦山開采沉陷與治理[M]. 呼和浩特:內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)出版社,. [17] 欒元重. 采動損害觀測技術(shù)[D]. 北京:地震出版社 , .[18] 余學(xué)祥。秦永洋。孫興平。郭紅星. 顧橋煤礦112煤綜采面地表移動變形基本特征分析[J]. 礦山測量 , 2009 , 第6期.山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 致謝致謝辭光陰似箭日月如梭,轉(zhuǎn)眼間四年的大學(xué)生活和學(xué)習(xí)即將告一段落,離別在即,站在人生的另一個轉(zhuǎn)折點上,思緒萬千。首先,應(yīng)該感謝我尊敬的導(dǎo)師王永老師,以及行業(yè)同學(xué)們。在你們的熱心幫助和悉心指導(dǎo)下,使我能夠順利地完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計和學(xué)位論文的寫作。王永淵博的學(xué)識、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度、精益求精的工作態(tài)度和誨人不倦的高尚師德,使我受益匪淺。感謝欒老師對我的關(guān)心、指導(dǎo),在此謹(jǐn)向王老師致以誠摯的感謝!其次,要感謝曾給過我關(guān)懷和指導(dǎo)的專業(yè)課老師,是他們在人生的岔路上給我指引了方向,讓我沿著正確的道路不斷前進,我會永遠銘記在心!我也要感謝我的母校山東科技大學(xué),是她提供了良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境和生活環(huán)境,讓我的大學(xué)生活豐富多姿,為我的人生留下精彩的一筆。再次,我要感謝在座的各位評委老師,謝謝各位老師不辭辛苦來參加我的論文答辯!回首多年來求學(xué)路艱辛,是老師的指導(dǎo)、朋友的幫助,家人的關(guān)心使我成長至今,在此對所有曾給過我關(guān)心和幫助的人表示感謝,愿好人一生平安!我也會繼續(xù)一如既往的努力,用最好的成績回報社會。山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 附錄 附錄英語原文:On the Application of Nighttime Sensors for Rapid Detection of Areas Impacted by Disasters( la Cruz and )AbstractToday a few sensors operating at night are available in the visible/near infrared part of the spectrum,.,the Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS).However,in the case of DMSP/OLS,the availability of a series of satellites arranged in a constellation and the width of the sensor’s swath allows Earth coverage twice can result useful in the aftermath of a natural disaster such as earthquake,when first responders providing relief action need to know the location and the extent of the areas of damages,the potential amount of population involved and the place where survivors are rally,after this prompt detection of the areas affected by the event,the cor responding very high spatial resolution satellite images can be acquired to obtain an accurate overview of the actual fact,the availability of a preliminary fast estimate of the areas mainly impacted can support a suitable selection of the very high spatial resolution(VHSR)satellite im ages acquisition time because these sensors are characterized by a very small frame size that makes unpractical a blind acquisition of the whole region possibly way to proceed is also patible with the longer time usually needed to obtain a VHSR image of a given area of interest,due to the orbital and observation geometry constraints.Even if it is high,the OLS sensor,s sensitivity could be insufficient to detect settlements with reduced artificial lights,as is often the case in the selected regions of ,in many cases,as for informal set tlements following the occurrence of natural or manmade disasters,only the presence of bonefires could reveal the presence of a human mu a consequence,it would be necessary to observe the affected areas using wavelengths in the MiddleWave Infrared region of the spectrum(4 m),which is presently not feasible due to the limited sensitivity of available a couple of examples of the results obtainable using nighttime images in these scenarios are provided.To overe the difficulties described above,this study focuses on a design analysis of a new nighttime study is based on accurate simulations of the expected radiance scenario reaching the ,in fact,is required to assess the characteristics of a new sensor capable of detecting the desired target sources(lights/bonefires).1 IntroductionHigh resolution satellite imagery can provide a good insight into the magnitude of a disaster and a detailed assessment of the meet these objectives,HR imagery has to be collected immediately after the disaster and precisely in the areas that have been damaged by the the general confusion that follows an earthquake with the lack of reliable data,this information either is not known or is ,space based remote sensing systems result unsuitable to provide useful information when disastrous events require simultaneously high temporal and spatial this is due to the fact that,even if many high resolution satellites are available,they are not organized in a constellation and the image acquisitions,for observational reasons,are concentrated around a conv