【導(dǎo)讀】露天采場(chǎng)臺(tái)階是開(kāi)采了地下礦石后形成的地下洞室。通過(guò)塊礦或采場(chǎng)的支柱。除了這個(gè)，可能還需要使用錨桿，鋼筋棒，分流管，或噴漿，以穩(wěn)定。緊鄰開(kāi)幕的巖石表面。二次加固過(guò)程不排除歸類(lèi)為開(kāi)放式回采方法。這里有許多空?qǐng)霾傻V法用于才出地下的礦石。一旦確立，礦物和廢石足以勝。取決于浸和儲(chǔ)備的厚度。在后面一章，將討論了這兩個(gè)因素如何影響采場(chǎng)采礦法。在這一點(diǎn)上就足以說(shuō)的露天采場(chǎng)采礦系統(tǒng)的分類(lèi)，根據(jù)是否干燥，破碎?；蚍块g，離開(kāi)固體材料采取行動(dòng)，以支持垂直負(fù)載的支柱。自開(kāi)挖方向（傾角）。過(guò)重力或機(jī)械手段被提取并運(yùn)送到礦井旁的儲(chǔ)礦倉(cāng)，然后要向提升井運(yùn)輸。低的水平，通常這是繪制點(diǎn)制度的一個(gè)重要方面。面采礦法，留礦采礦法，分段采礦法，階段礦房法等都是空?qǐng)霾傻V法的一種形式。

　　

【正文】 be encountered in trying to mine some of the thick coal seams of western United States by conventional roomandpillar methods .Still, thick seam extraction, leaving tall pillars, can be mined successfully 。 but it bees a matter of permissible extraction ratio and/or pillar are reported examples of successfully mined dipping beds of up to (30) and up to m (300ft) thick by a roomandpillar system .Horizontal rooms in both strike and dip directions are driven ,forming superimposed and matched pillars at varying elevations(Dravo , 1974). 在美國(guó)西部的厚煤層 ， 支柱問(wèn)題的惡化將肯定會(huì)遇到在試圖挖掘一些傳統(tǒng)的房柱式方法 。 仍然 ,厚縫采掘、離開(kāi)支柱 ,可以成功地開(kāi)采 。但它成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題的可允許提取比率及 /或加強(qiáng)支柱。有報(bào)道成功的例子的雷浸漬病床最多 RAD(30),京畿 9144萬(wàn)平方米 (300平方呎 )厚的一個(gè)房間和支柱系統(tǒng)。在傾斜方向的水平房間驅(qū)動(dòng)，形成疊加和匹配 （ Dravo， 1974年） 不同海拔的支柱 At the other extreme , the very thin seams offer special problems to any conventional mining system 。 however ,mining seams as low as (28 in.) are mon in roomandpillar coal mines throughout Appalachia .It was not long ago that seams as low as (12 in) were mined in Holland by utilizing scrapers to move the coal to the haulage entry. But by today standards –working conditions and high labor coststhere is definitely limit as to how low one can successfully carry on roomandpillar mining . 在另一個(gè)極端，極薄煤層開(kāi)采提供特殊問(wèn)題的任何常規(guī)挖掘系統(tǒng) ；不過(guò)，共同在阿巴拉契亞整個(gè)房柱煤礦煤層開(kāi)采低至 毫米 （ 28 英寸）。這不 是很久以前低為 （ 12）煤層開(kāi)采利用刮刀移動(dòng)煤炭運(yùn)輸進(jìn)入荷蘭。但用今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工作條件和高勞動(dòng)成本有多低，可以成功地進(jìn)行房間和支柱采礦肯定是有限制。 Dip of Mass to Mined :The dip of the mineralized mass to be mined very strength affects whether or not the mining method would be classified as a roomandpillar system . For further information , in determining what the mining method would be when the dip is steep enough for the broken material to move by gravity from the 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英語(yǔ)翻譯 13 point where it is broken , and whether the breast , back , and floor are petent enough to stand in an openstope mining method , see the chapter on open stoping in this section. 動(dòng)用大規(guī)模開(kāi)采礦化質(zhì)量的傾角開(kāi)采頗具實(shí)力的影響采礦方法是否會(huì)被歸類(lèi)為一個(gè)房柱系統(tǒng)。進(jìn)一步的信息，確定采礦方法將移動(dòng)破碎物料從那里被打破重力足夠陡峭的傾角時(shí)， 臺(tái)階 ，背部和 頂 板是否有能力足以承受在露天采場(chǎng)采礦方法，請(qǐng)參閱章開(kāi)放回采本節(jié)。 The socalled “cascade mining “ used at Mufulira , the panelandpillar method used between sublevels of the Soumont mine in Normandy , the pillarandchambering system used at the Konrad mine in West Germany , and the flat hole benching method drilled from Alimak climbers at the Denison mine in Canada , are all examples of open stoping of steeply dipping ore bodies which result in a bination of open rooms or chambers and pillars . However , the cascade mining at Mufulira also removes the pillar almost immediately in a second cycle of mining which then allows the hanging wall to cave as the mining retreats along the strike . If the dip is not steep enough for the broken rock to move by gravity , mechanical methods must be employed to move the ore from the room where it was extracted .This results in men and/or machinery reentering the stopes after blasting and remaining there at least until the material is removed . This aspect of roomandpillar mining differentiates it from other openstope methods .Because of this , safety precautions must be taken in the pillar design ventilation requirements the roof control plan , and the necessity of roof and pillar scaling .In other openstope methods the material can flow out of the stoping area by gravity ,and men equipment do not have to be exposed to the open stopes . 所謂的 “連帶采礦 在穆富利拉銅礦公司使用 ,所謂的條帶開(kāi)采 在諾曼底公司的礦山使用 , 康拉德在西德礦，平洞鉆在加拿大丹尼森礦鉗工的方法，從阿利馬克登山，使用的 房主采礦 系統(tǒng)，是所有 房主采礦 開(kāi) 采 的陡傾礦體回采導(dǎo)致組合的例子。然而，穆富利拉級(jí)聯(lián)采礦刪除支柱幾乎立即在第二個(gè)周期的開(kāi)采，然后允許掛壁沿走向開(kāi)采閉關(guān)的洞穴。如果沒(méi)有足夠陡峭的重力移動(dòng)破碎巖石傾角，必須采用機(jī)械方法，從礦石中 踩出 的 礦 房移動(dòng)。這導(dǎo)致人和 /或在炸開(kāi)以后和殘余那里至少直到材料取消再進(jìn)入廢坑的機(jī)械。這方面的房柱采礦明顯區(qū)別開(kāi)采場(chǎng)的其他方法。對(duì)此，屋頂和支柱擴(kuò)展 的必要性和頂板控制計(jì)劃，此方法，也必須在柱設(shè)計(jì)通風(fēng)要求采取安全預(yù)防措施。在其他打開(kāi)廢坑方法材料可能流動(dòng)出于頂蝕 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英語(yǔ)翻譯 14 作用區(qū)域由重力，并且人設(shè)備不必須被暴露在開(kāi)放廢坑。 Advantages and Disadvantages of RoomandPillar Mining 房柱采礦的利與弊 Before proceeding to the details of mine planning , it is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of roomandpillar openstope mining . Ideally , the mine engineer will plan an operation which will maximize and/or assure the continuation of the system＇ s advantages while minimizing or eliminating the known disadvantages . 進(jìn)行礦山規(guī)劃的細(xì)節(jié)之前，重要的是要了解房柱露天采場(chǎng) 開(kāi)采的優(yōu)勢(shì)和缺點(diǎn)。理想情況下，采礦工程師計(jì)劃的操作，這將最大限度地提高和 /或保證系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)的延續(xù)，同時(shí)最大限度地減少或消除了已知的缺點(diǎn)。 Major Advantages: There include a high degree of flexibility9 adapting to rapid changes )inherent in the mining plan of a roomandpillar system, which can be utilized if necessary . However , until such a change is indicated , the system also has the advantage that many aspects of the mining cycle are repetitious .Thus , the system lends itself to mechanization which can be easily learned and steadily improved . 主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)：包括有高度的靈活性適應(yīng)迅速變化 )的內(nèi)在的采 礦計(jì)劃一個(gè)房柱系統(tǒng) ,可以在必要時(shí)利用。然而，直到這種變化表明，該系統(tǒng)還具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)，許多方面的開(kāi)采周期是重復(fù)的。因此，該系統(tǒng)本身可以很容易地了解到機(jī)械化和穩(wěn)步提高。 The system can be applied as a very selective mining system , leaving waste in pillars , or if the seam thins by lowering and raising the back or floor , depending on the amount of dilution allowed . Yet the same system can be bee a bulk mining system , taking everything at a given horizon and thickness and leaving only the remnants of uniform pillars . 系統(tǒng)可以被應(yīng)用作為一個(gè)非常有選擇性的采礦系統(tǒng)，留下廢 石 在柱子，或者，如果縫通過(guò)降低和培養(yǎng)后面或地板變薄，根據(jù)稀釋允許的相當(dāng)數(shù)量。但在同一個(gè)系統(tǒng) 可以成為大量開(kāi)采系統(tǒng)，在一個(gè)給定的地平線(xiàn)和厚度的一切，只留下殘余統(tǒng)一的支柱。 The system can be applied to multiple levels simultaneously , in a manner that the operation of one mining level will not affect the structural conditions the other mining level . 該系統(tǒng)可同時(shí)應(yīng)用多層次的方式，一個(gè)開(kāi)采水平的運(yùn)作，不會(huì)影響其他采礦 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英語(yǔ)翻譯 15 水平的 結(jié)構(gòu)性條件。 Where the mineral reserve is large and applicable to roomand