【正文】 sticsReverse logisticsFigure1 Procedure of Reverse Logistics We can learn from the figure that Reverse Logistics activities can happen at every point or even every unit of the supply chain. In fact, sometimes Reverse Logistics activities occur just in a small area of the supply chain, such as customersretailerscustomers, retailersdelivery centerretailers, and so on. The structure of Reverse Logistics activity is just likes that of the cobweb, the producer is the center of the web, but not every Reverse Logistics activities should happen in the webcenter. So it is difficult to predict and manage for the firms or the Third Parties. As an abnormal operation, Reverse Logistics may have its special advantages and benefits. An enterprise can form circular supply of raw material from the returned goods by implementing Reverse Logistics. Reverse Logistics can reduce the cost on the raw material, and lower the dependence to the supplier of raw material, at the same time, it can ensure supply of raw material timely and steadily, and improve the integration of supply chain.An enterprise can make the customer know its products and services better during the process of returning goods to the enterprise. If it can do well in the process of Reverse Logistics, and find out the quality problem of its product and improve the quality of the product until it meets the demand of the customers, this activity can improve the quality management system. Then the enterprise can win trust and credit from the customer, and then enforce the petitive position of the enterprise.It is crucial for the existence and growth of an enterprise to have a good image. During the process of Reverse Logistics, an enterprise will process returned the merchandise for reasons such as damage, seasonal, restock, salvage, recall, or excess inventory. It will also recycle packaging materials and reuse containers。 recondition, remanufacture and refurbish products, or dispose obsolete equipment or hazardous material and recover asset. In this way, an enterprise can reduce the negative pollution to the environment caused by the product or byproduct of its own. As a result, a fine image of the enterprise will be established, and the enterprise can get some social benefits from it.With the natural resource being scarce more and more, people begin to realize the importance of Reverse Logistics and utilize the recycled goods to reduce their cost of raw material in China. About more than ten years ago, many beer producers have already begun to recycle usedbeerbottle to reduce their cost. Blue ribbon, for example, reduced their bottle cost by 2040% by using sterilized recyclebottle.In recent years, online purchase has bee more and more mon in China, at the same time, people began to pay more and more attention to the quality of goods and the natural environment around them, which caused a large number of returned goods, how to deal with these returned goods and serve the customers more effectively bees the focus attention of many panies. This has brought up an upsurge in studying Reverse Logistics. Three years ago (before 2001), if you searched for Reverse Logistics in Chinese by or , there were no more than 10 papers in Chinese on it, but now there are tens and thousands of papers or reviews on Reverse Logistics written in Chinese, which has shown from one aspect that Reverse Logistics has caught the attention of Chinese. Many learners begin to write articles about Reverse Logistics and express their opinions at many large conferences, and some big panies (such as Lenovo and QingHuaTongFang) begin to set up their own Reverse Logistics system to solve the Reverse Logistics problems they met in practice. It is estimated that Reverse Logistics cost accounts for 25% of the total cost of logistics, which accounts for 1/4 of the total GDP in China. That means Reverse Logistics cost occupies more than 8% of the total GDP. Table 1 describes the status quo of main Reverse Logistics activities in China. (Returned percent is estimated from the survey in three munities around Zhongguancun, Beijing, China).During the survey, we also get some information about the difficulties many panies face when they want to successfully execute Reverse Logistics because of different internal and external barriers. We group the difficulties into following categories: difficulties to make uniform operation standards, conflict with the normal operations, social benefits conflict with financial resources, lack of systems, management inattention, and difficulties to evaluate the achievements of Reverse Logistics department.With the development of Internet and Ebusiness, customers have bee the center of business transaction. It is difficult to make the same return policy for all kinds of customers. The material flow, information flow and capital flow incurred by Reverse Logistics practices can affect the material flow, information flow and capital flow of the normal practices, which will decentralize the enterprise’s resource and weaken core petition ability of the enterprise.Table 1 Main Reverse Logistics Activities (Three Communities around Zhongguancun, Beijing, 2003)TypeDurationMotivationDispositionExamplePercentAgeProducts returned by customers(Reduction　or steal　in　transport。 Quality or quantity problems。 repeated delivery)Short termMarketing returns。To satisfyCustomersCheck and change for a good one and supply the shortage if necessaryConsumable electronic productSuch as mobile phone, DVD, MP3515%Products recycled from customers(Product need to be disposed after its full lifecycle)Long termRecapture value。 Marketing returns。Legal disposal issues。Recover assetsRemanufacture。Repeated recycled and remanufactured。Electronic apparatus。Blanket’s recycle amp。 remanufacturing。Refrigerator。 TV set。Washing machine。Components of