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s to control and reduce logistics costs In the traditional manual management mode, the pany39。s cost control by many factors, often can not achieve optimal control of each link. Information systems enable enterprises to adopt the one hand, a variety of logistics operations or business processes can be accurately and expeditiously carried out。 other through the information system of data collection, forecasting analysis, the possibility of controlling logistics costs. (4)From the point of view the whole process of circulation to enhance the management of logistics costs For a business enterprise, and control of logistics costs that the pursuit of the pany39。s logistics efficiency is not only a matter of the enterprise should also consider products made from whole distribution process to the enduser efficiency of the logistics cost, logistics facilities, which the investment or expansion of distribution channels or not depends on the development and request. For example, some firms are operated directly to wholesalers, so many of the logistics center is consistent with the wholesalers, logistics centers, delivery of goods in large quantities. However, with the rapid development of retail, customer requirements manufacturers must adapt to the forms of this new form of retailing, to start directtoretail logistics activities. Therefore, in this case, the original investment is likely to precipitate, at the same time requires the establishment of new pliance requirements of the development of modern logistics distribution center, or automation equipment. Obviously, these investments although enterprises are concerned, increased logistics costs, but look at the entire distribution process, but greatly improved logistics performance. (5)Cost management to enhance awareness of enterprise workersTo reduce the cost of the work from the logistics management extended to enterprises in all sectors, from product development, production and sale of the entire life cycle logistics cost management, and enable employees with longterm development of strategic costconscious.物流成本管理對策研究摘自:物流學(xué) [美]David 、Stephen LeMay 著現(xiàn)代物流成本是指從原材料供應(yīng)開始一直囊括到將商品送達(dá)到消費(fèi)者手上所發(fā)生的全部物流費(fèi)用。具體地說,它是產(chǎn)品在實(shí)物運(yùn)動過程中,如包裝、裝卸、運(yùn)輸、儲存、流通加工等各個活動中所支出的人力、財力和物力的總和。物流成本的內(nèi)涵是比較明確的,關(guān)鍵是在實(shí)踐中如何降低物流成本,提升企業(yè)競爭力降低物流成本,最重要的是要對物流成本進(jìn)行管理,即通過對物流成本實(shí)態(tài)的掌握、分析和研究,達(dá)到管理物流的目的。隨著科技和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代物流在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要作用。企業(yè)本著“優(yōu)化物流成本,確保服務(wù)水平,提升整體效益”的原則,將物流成本管理建立在全方位的物流系統(tǒng)平臺上,著眼于對物流活動全過程、全方位的系統(tǒng)化管理和控制,不斷提升水平,增強(qiáng)企業(yè)實(shí)力,將有利于企業(yè)的快速成長。加強(qiáng)企業(yè)物流成本管理的對策(1)通過采用物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化進(jìn)行物流管理物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化是以物流作為一個大系統(tǒng),制訂系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部設(shè)施、機(jī)械設(shè)備、專用工具等各個分系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。制訂系統(tǒng)內(nèi)各個分領(lǐng)域如包裝、裝卸、運(yùn)輸?shù)确矫娴墓ぷ鳂?biāo)準(zhǔn),以系統(tǒng)為出發(fā)點(diǎn),研究各分系統(tǒng)與分領(lǐng)域中技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的配合性,統(tǒng)一個物流系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化使貨物在運(yùn)輸過程中的基本設(shè)備統(tǒng)一規(guī)范,如現(xiàn)有托盤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與各種運(yùn)輸裝備、裝卸設(shè)備標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之間能有效銜接,大大提高了托盤在整個物流過程中的通用性,也在一定程度上促進(jìn)了貨物運(yùn)輸、儲存、搬運(yùn)等過程的機(jī)械化和自動化水平的提高,有利于物流配送系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)作效率,從而降低物流成本。(2)通過效率化的配送降低成本正確的進(jìn)貨體制是企業(yè)物流發(fā)展客觀要求,但是,隨著配送產(chǎn)生的成本費(fèi)用要盡可能降低,特別是多頻度、小單位配送要求的發(fā)展,更要求企業(yè)采取效率化的配送,就必須重視配車計劃管理,提高裝載率以及車輛運(yùn)行管理。一般來講,企業(yè)要實(shí)現(xiàn)效率化的配送,就必須重視配車計劃管理,提高裝載率以及車輛運(yùn)行管理。通過構(gòu)筑有效的配送計劃信息系統(tǒng)就可以使生產(chǎn)商配車計劃的制訂與生產(chǎn)計劃聯(lián)系起來進(jìn)行,同時通過信息系統(tǒng)也能使批發(fā)商將配車計劃或進(jìn)貨計劃相匹配,從而提高配送效率,降低運(yùn)輸和進(jìn)貨成本(3)借助現(xiàn)代化的信息管理系統(tǒng)控制和降低物流成本在傳統(tǒng)的手工管理模式下,企業(yè)的成本控制受諸多因素的影響,往往不易也不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)各個環(huán)節(jié)的最優(yōu)控制。企業(yè)采用信息系統(tǒng)一方面可使各種物流作業(yè)或業(yè)務(wù)處理能準(zhǔn)確、迅速地進(jìn)行;另一方面通過信息系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)匯總,進(jìn)行預(yù)測分析,可控制物流成本發(fā)生的可能性。(4)從流通全過程的視點(diǎn)來加強(qiáng)物流成本的管理對于一個企業(yè)來講,控制物流成本即追求本企業(yè)的物流效率化不僅是本企業(yè)的事情,還應(yīng)該考慮從產(chǎn)品制成到最終用戶整個流通過程的物流成本效率化,亦即物流設(shè)施的投資或擴(kuò)建與否要視整個流通渠道的發(fā)展和要求而定。例如,有些廠商是直接面對批發(fā)商經(jīng)營的,因此,很多物流中心是與批發(fā)商物流中心相吻合,從事大批量的商品輸送。然而,隨著零售業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,客戶要求廠商必須適應(yīng)零售業(yè)這種新型的業(yè)態(tài)形式,展開直接面向零售店鋪的物流活動。因此,在這種情況下,原來的投資就有可能沉淀,同時又要求建立新型的符合現(xiàn)代物流發(fā)展要求的物流中心或自動化設(shè)備。顯然,這些投資盡管從企業(yè)來看,增加了物流成本,但從整個流通過程來看,卻大大提高了物流績效。(5)加強(qiáng)企業(yè)職工的成本管理意識把降低成本的工作從物流管理部門擴(kuò)展到企業(yè)的各個部門,并從產(chǎn)品開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、銷售全生命周期中,進(jìn)行物流成本管理,使企業(yè)員工具有長期發(fā)展的 “戰(zhàn)略性成本意識”。17