【正文】 ng lawDuality of the antidumping law will inevitably lead to antidumping laws results in two different roles in international trade, namely, positive and negative effects.Antidumping laws is the positive role of trade protection, within the limits of ability to maintain States legitimate trade interests, and promote the healthy development of international trade.Negative effects of the antidumping law is beyond the scope of protection other than trade, will bee a tool of national protectionism, it will hinder the healthy development of international trade.(C) the basic principles of the antidumping lawBasic principles of the antidumping law, including: the Elimination of price discrimination, ensure fair trade principles to take antidumping measures should not bee unreasonable obstacles to international trade principles to use antidumping laws in developing countries of the trade, development and Finance of the special needs of the principle.1, the Elimination of price discrimination, the principle of fair tradePrinciple of nondiscrimination is one of the basic principles of the General Agreement. Article III national treatment and MFN treatment in article embodies the principle of nondiscrimination. Sixth paragraph: using means of dumping will be lower than the normal value of a product to enter the market of another country, such as within the territory of a Contracting State has established some industries have substantial damage or substantial threats, or have a material retardation on the establishment of an industry, this dumping was to blame. This shows that dumping is a form of price discrimination. Price discrimination is caused by human factors, distorting fair petition mechanism under the price level and is contrary to the principles of fair trade. By price discrimination means and that is caused by the dumping is opposed to the GATT, the Elimination of price discriminationUnder the General Agreement on the principle of the Elimination of price discrimination, and fundamental aims to maximize the trade fair.2, taking antidumping measures should not bee unreasonable obstacles to international trade(1) the principle of taking antidumping measures limitPurpose of taking antidumping measures is to boycott, the Elimination of price discrimination, and guaranteeing fair trade. If contrary to this purpose, it will create obstacles to international trade, is not allowed.Socalled irrational obstacles, refers to the misuse of antidumping laws, which in the guise of antidumping, protectionism in reality.(2) the limits of the antidumping duties imposedAs stipulated in the preamble to the antidumping code, antidumping duties may only be used to deal with dumping have actually produced and exist. Levy of antidumping duty is the most mon and the most effective antidumping measures, is to resist dumping effective methods, but this method is limited and is mainly reflected in:① antidumping duties should be targeted and must be directed against the actual dumping。② in principle does not apply to the taxing State domestic panies to export products abroad.(3) the use of antidumping laws in developing countries of the trade, development and Finance of the special needs of principle.Preamble to the antidumping code in the confirmation after taking antidumping measures must follow the basic principles, and principles identified for the special needs of developing countries. Namely: developed countries in the application of antidumping laws to take antidumping measures, for developing countries of the trade, development and Finance of the special needs of moderate concern cannot only concepts established by the antidumping laws to take antidumping measures. 附 錄B國際反傾銷法一、傾銷的經(jīng)濟(jì)與法理基礎(chǔ)　　傾銷是商品經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展到一定時(shí)期的產(chǎn)物，作為一種經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象源于歐洲，至今已有幾百年的發(fā)展歷程。傾銷分為國內(nèi)傾銷和國際傾銷。國內(nèi)傾銷一般是指低于成本價(jià)格銷售商品的行為，是由國內(nèi)反不正當(dāng)競爭法或反壟斷法所調(diào)整，因此本文著重論述國際反傾銷。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一般將其定義為一個(gè)國家的商品低于國內(nèi)正常價(jià)值或低于成本價(jià)格出口到另一國家市場進(jìn)行銷售的行為。WTO《1994年關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》(以下簡稱總協(xié)定)第六條第一款規(guī)定：“一國產(chǎn)品以低于正常價(jià)值的價(jià)格進(jìn)入另一國市場內(nèi)，如因此對(duì)某締約國領(lǐng)土內(nèi)已建立的某項(xiàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)造成實(shí)質(zhì)性損害或產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)性威脅，或?qū)δ骋粐鴥?nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)的新建產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)性阻礙，則構(gòu)成傾銷。由此可見傾銷的概念由三個(gè)條件構(gòu)成：　　(1)產(chǎn)品出口價(jià)格低于正常價(jià)值，這是存在傾銷的前提條件?！　?2)傾銷產(chǎn)品給進(jìn)口國產(chǎn)業(yè)造成實(shí)質(zhì)損害，這是構(gòu)成傾銷的必要條件?！　?3)傾銷和損害之間具有因果關(guān)系，這是構(gòu)成傾銷的充足條件?！　「鶕?jù)上述傾銷的概念及條件，可以認(rèn)為《總協(xié)定》第六條在確定傾銷的定義時(shí)，充分賦予了締約各方抵制或制裁傾銷的權(quán)利，確定了抵制或制裁傾銷，維護(hù)公平市場競爭秩序這一國際反傾銷法的基本原則。二、反傾銷法的性質(zhì)、作用和基本原則　　(一)反傾銷法的性質(zhì)　　反傾銷法具有行政的性質(zhì)?！　》磧A銷法在法律體系中的地位屬于行政法范疇的法律部門，是行政法中一個(gè)獨(dú)立的部門法，具有強(qiáng)制性。各國反傾銷法都是通過國內(nèi)立法程序制定的、以不同形式出現(xiàn)的關(guān)于調(diào)整傾銷與反傾銷關(guān)系的行政管理法規(guī)?！　》磧A銷法在法律分類中屬于公法性質(zhì)。　　根據(jù)《總協(xié)定》第六條：“反傾銷措施不應(yīng)成為國際貿(mào)易的一種不合理障礙，反傾銷稅只可用來對(duì)付此種傾銷對(duì)某種產(chǎn)業(yè)造成的嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，或可能造成的嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，或此種傾銷嚴(yán)重阻礙某項(xiàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的建立”。　　這就規(guī)定了反傾銷法積極和消極的兩個(gè)條件：　　一是實(shí)施反傾銷法，采取反傾銷措施，應(yīng)有利于國際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，而不應(yīng)該成為國際貿(mào)易中的不合理障礙。 二是征收反傾銷稅只限于對(duì)付產(chǎn)業(yè)造成的損害，不能有其它目的?！　∮纱丝梢姺磧A銷法具有積極和消極的兩重性　　反傾銷法的積極性在于：正確運(yùn)用反傾銷法，具有消除價(jià)格歧視，保障公平競爭，是抵制傾銷的有效手段。　　反傾銷的消極性在于：濫用反傾銷法，隨意確定價(jià)格歧視和保障公平競爭的界限，會(huì)使反傾銷法成為貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的工具?！　?二)反傾銷法的作用　　反傾銷法的兩重性必然導(dǎo)致反傾銷法在國際貿(mào)易中產(chǎn)生兩種不同的作用，即積極作用和消極作用?！　》磧A銷法的積極作用是在非貿(mào)易保護(hù)的限度內(nèi)，能夠維護(hù)各國政正當(dāng)?shù)馁Q(mào)易利益，促進(jìn)國際貿(mào)易的健康發(fā)展?！　》磧A銷法的消極作用是如果超過非貿(mào)易保護(hù)的范圍，就會(huì)成為某一國家實(shí)行貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的工具，就會(huì)阻礙國際貿(mào)易的正常健康發(fā)展?！　?三)反傾銷法的基本原則　　反傾銷法的基本原則包括：消除價(jià)格歧視，保障公平貿(mào)易原則。采取反傾銷措施不應(yīng)成為國際貿(mào)易的不合理障礙原則。運(yùn)用反傾銷法要注意發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易、發(fā)展和資金的特殊需要的原則。　　消除價(jià)格歧視、保障公平貿(mào)易原則　　《總協(xié)定》的基本原則之一就是非歧視原則。其中第一條的最惠國待遇和第三條的國民待遇就體現(xiàn)了非歧視原則。第六條第一款規(guī)定：“用傾銷的手段將一國產(chǎn)品以低于正常價(jià)值的辦法進(jìn)入另一國市場，如因此對(duì)某一締約國領(lǐng)土內(nèi)已建立的某項(xiàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)性的損害或產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)威脅，或?qū)δ骋划a(chǎn)業(yè)的建立產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)性阻礙，這種傾銷應(yīng)受到譴責(zé)。由此可見，產(chǎn)品傾銷是價(jià)格歧視的一種表現(xiàn)形式。價(jià)格歧視是人為造成的，扭曲了公平競爭機(jī)制下的價(jià)格水平與公平貿(mào)易原則相違背。也就是說用價(jià)格歧視的辦法所造成的傾銷是〈總協(xié)定〉所反對(duì)的，消除價(jià)格歧視和保障公平貿(mào)易是彼此聯(lián)系、不可分割并具有因果關(guān)系的統(tǒng)一體。只有消除價(jià)格歧視，公平貿(mào)易才會(huì)得以保障。　　《總協(xié)定》之所以規(guī)定消除價(jià)格歧視的原則，根本目的就在于最大限度的保障貿(mào)易公平?！　〔扇》磧A銷措施不應(yīng)成為國際貿(mào)易的不合理障礙 (1)采取反傾銷措施的原則界限　　采取反傾銷措施的目的是為了抵制，消除價(jià)格歧視，保障公平貿(mào)易。如果與這一目的相背離，就會(huì)給國際貿(mào)易造成障礙，是不允許的?！　∷^不合理障礙，就是指對(duì)反傾銷法的濫用，即假借反傾銷之名，行貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義之實(shí)?！　?2)征收反傾銷稅的限制范圍　　按《反傾銷守則》序言部分的規(guī)定，征收反傾銷稅只可用來對(duì)付已實(shí)際產(chǎn)生并存在的傾銷行為。征收反傾銷稅是目前世界上最常見也是最為有效的反傾銷措施，是抵制傾銷有效的方法，但這種方法是有限制，主要體現(xiàn)在：　　① 征收反傾銷稅要有針對(duì)性，必須是針對(duì)已實(shí)際產(chǎn)生的傾銷行為。　?、谠瓌t上不適用于征稅國本國企業(yè)向國外出口的產(chǎn)品?！　?3)運(yùn)用反傾銷法要注意發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易、發(fā)展和資金的特殊需要的原則?！? 《反傾銷守則》序言部分在確認(rèn)采取反傾銷措施必須遵循的基本原則后，又確定了針對(duì)發(fā)展中國家特殊需要的原則。即：發(fā)達(dá)國家在運(yùn)用反傾銷法采取反傾銷措施時(shí)，要對(duì)發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易、發(fā)展和資金的特殊需要的進(jìn)行適度關(guān)注，不能一味的按反傾銷法確定的概念采取反傾銷措施。