【正文】 ion and values and Outlook, as fame is light like water, depending ... 50 km, also red and like hundreds of thousands of the KMT military bat, but he went on to collect a variety of newspapers and magazines, and then race against time to pore over. As long as the study of mind, it is not necessary to e to the library, workshops, into the villages, people learned farming techniques, problemsolving methods, participation inMaverick, a new approach to solve problems, speed up development. Especially in implement superior policy spirit of process in the, both implementation, and cannot mechanically, to to extraordinary of courage and develop enterprising of spirit, put flexibility and principle bined up, put superior of spirit and local reality bined up, Yong conspiracy to breakthrough of policy, and exercise innovation of lift, developed out development works of, and grassroots weles of2國外對各類生產(chǎn)事故的應(yīng)急離度重視 [3]。在工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家，事故應(yīng)急工作已經(jīng)成為整個(gè)國家危機(jī)處理的一個(gè)相當(dāng)重要的組成部分。尤其是進(jìn)入 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代以后，一些工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家把急救援工作作為維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、保障經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、提高人民生活質(zhì)量的重要工作內(nèi)容。事故應(yīng)急救援已成為維持國家管理正常運(yùn)行的重要支撐體系之一。例如，美國、日本和歐盟的一些國家都已經(jīng)建立了運(yùn)行良好的應(yīng)急管理體制，包括應(yīng)急法規(guī)、管理機(jī)構(gòu)、指揮系統(tǒng)、應(yīng)急隊(duì)伍、資源保障和公民知情權(quán)等方面，形成了比較完善的應(yīng)急管理系統(tǒng)，并且逐漸向建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化成急管理體系方向發(fā)展，使整個(gè)應(yīng)急管理工作更加科學(xué)、規(guī)范和高效。我國安全生產(chǎn)形勢十分嚴(yán)峻，以從業(yè)人員 10 萬人死亡率來看(以人民幣計(jì)算)，我國目前為 9 左右。以單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值事故死亡率來看(以人民幣計(jì)算)，我國目前為。以上兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)我國均遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于英美等發(fā)達(dá)國家，意味著為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展付出了高昂的生命代價(jià)。近年來，我國安全生產(chǎn)事故時(shí)有發(fā)生，具體統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)如圖 、圖 所示。從統(tǒng)計(jì)圖我們可以看出，20222022 年全國安全生產(chǎn)事故總量和死亡人數(shù)逐年攀升，2022 年以來，全國安全生產(chǎn)事故總量和死亡人數(shù)有所下降，但仍處于較高水平。2022 年以來，國家加強(qiáng)了安全生產(chǎn)事故的應(yīng)急治理工作，中國家安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理總局制定了《國家安全生產(chǎn)應(yīng)急平臺(tái)體系建設(shè)指導(dǎo)意見》 ，以整合應(yīng)急資源，加強(qiáng)應(yīng)急預(yù)測預(yù)警、信息報(bào)送、輔助決策、調(diào)度指揮和總結(jié)評估等應(yīng)急管理工作，實(shí)現(xiàn)信息共享，建立“統(tǒng)一指揮、功能齊全、反應(yīng)靈敏、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)高效攤的應(yīng)急機(jī)制。該《指導(dǎo)意見》就平臺(tái)體系建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)思想和基本原則、主要建設(shè)任務(wù)和建設(shè)與運(yùn)行管理等方面提出指導(dǎo)意見。與此同時(shí)各省、市、地區(qū)也相繼開展應(yīng)急預(yù)案制定、應(yīng)急演練等安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理工作。2022 年以來，我國安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理工作的開展，在一定程度上緩解了我國安全生產(chǎn)狀況的進(jìn)一步惡化，但治理的并不徹底，加上企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理體系的缺失，我國的安全生產(chǎn)狀況仍然十分嚴(yán)峻 [4]。 gave everyone, with a view on how to do well under the new situation of township and village leaders inspire and help, and also share with you. A good play to create iron shoulders strong arms, to assume the burden be passed。 only specific qualities, will it be possible in specific areas to create a world. 　　In my view, village chiefs in the new situation, we must first have five basic quality. One ambition is to pioneer. Who is handsome. People only highminded can stimulate the flow of momentum to bee brave and persistent, bee quiet and powerful. Township and village party leaders, within their respective jurisdictions, political stability and economic and social development issues, decisions and orientation depends to a large extent because of your. Everybody in village chiefs and the positions, both the trust of the masses, the Organization39。s trust, more ability to you, fully affirmed the moral and other qualities. 　　Therefore, we must always maintain the 3圖 20222022 年全國安全生產(chǎn)特大及特別重大事故數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)圖圖 20222022 年全國安全生產(chǎn)特大及特別重大事故死亡人數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)圖從企業(yè)層面看，事故應(yīng)急水平的高低會(huì)直接影響事故的危害程度?，F(xiàn)實(shí)安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理過程有不少成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和失敗的教訓(xùn)：(1)2022 年 11 月 10 日下午 3 時(shí)，貴州省某磷礦發(fā)生了礦井坍塌事件，井下 6 名礦工生死不明。(2)2022 年 11 月 6 日 19 時(shí) 40分左右，河北省某縣石膏礦發(fā)生坍塌事件，波及太行、林旺兩大石膏礦。 “11．6”三家石膏礦連片塌陷特大災(zāi)難事件，造成 33 人死亡。救援工作從大塊崩炸到小藥量試著爆破，最后只能運(yùn)用水鉆和電鉆小心開進(jìn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了受困 11 天的礦工苑某，為保證這名被困礦工的生命安全，救護(hù)人員通過塑料管向里輸送奶類等流食，最終成功將其救出。(3)2022年 11 月 27 日晚 9 時(shí) 40 分，黑龍江省某煤礦發(fā)生爆炸事故，造成 171 人死亡，但在這起特大事故中，瓦檢員張某憑借豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和良好的心理素質(zhì)，在生死關(guān)頭帶領(lǐng) 26 名工友擺脫了死神的糾纏，成功逃生。上述例子從正反兩方面反映了事故發(fā)生后，科學(xué)的應(yīng)急管理體系和有效的應(yīng)急管理手段對于減少人員傷亡、避免事故發(fā)生連鎖后果具有重要作用。ven has so feelings, alone we is to serving for purposes of people servant does? we more should always hold with on people of deep feelings, heart Department masses of leading visited tea, care masses of emotions thoughts plained, always insisted put masses of interests put in first, consciously from itself do up, from small do up, from masses most care, and most directly, and most reality of interests problem grabbed, real do love for people by Department, and right for people by with, and Lee for people by conspiracy to. Three with the fame of mind. Nonindifferent not insist your dream, without serenity not go far. Ascension to fame is morality, is the sublimation of the soul. As Township and village, be sure to maintain a normal state of mind, establish a correct viewpoint on power, position and values and Outlook, as fame is light like water, depending ... 50 km, also red and like hundreds of thousands of the KMT military bat, but he went on to collect a variety of newspapers and magazines, and then race against time to pore over. As long as the study of mind, it is not necessary to e to the library, workshops, into the villages, people learned farming techniques, problemsolving methods, participation inMaverick, a new approach to solve problems, speed up development. Especially in implement superior policy spirit of process in the, both implementation, and cannot mechanically, to to extraordinary of courage and develop enterprising of spirit, put flexibility and principle bined up, put superior of spirit and local reality bined up, Yong conspiracy to breakthrough of policy, and exercise innovation of lift, developed out development works of, and grassroots weles of4 研究目的與意義本論文研究旨在建立企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理體系，解決企業(yè)應(yīng)急救援行動(dòng)中的協(xié)調(diào)性問題。研究意義主要有以下兩點(diǎn)：(1)理論上，一方面，界定企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理的概念，豐富了應(yīng)急管理理論；另一方面，結(jié)合我國鉛冶煉企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理現(xiàn)狀分析，系統(tǒng)地研究和構(gòu)建我國鉛冶煉企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理體系，完善鉛冶煉企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理理論框架。(2)實(shí)際上，為企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理實(shí)踐提供指導(dǎo)性的管理思路，滿足了現(xiàn)實(shí)對應(yīng)急管理的要求，克服了實(shí)踐中各應(yīng)急組織間的信息協(xié)調(diào)障礙，解決了企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急管理水平參差不齊的問題。 安全生產(chǎn)應(yīng)急管理體系國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 國外研究現(xiàn)狀 關(guān)于應(yīng)急管理體系不同類型的應(yīng)急管理體系的主要區(qū)別在于其組織模式的不同，具有代表性的為以下三種類型：(1)高度集中管理體系。主要體現(xiàn)在國家層面上的高度集中，成立由專門負(fù)責(zé)規(guī)劃、下調(diào)應(yīng)急救援工作的政府部門，該部門直接對國家最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人負(fù)責(zé)，具有應(yīng)急救援資金分配、應(yīng)急救援規(guī)劃、制訂應(yīng)急救援發(fā)展計(jì)劃、全面協(xié)調(diào)重大應(yīng)急救援工作等職責(zé)，其工作的范圍涉及事故災(zāi)難、自然災(zāi)害、社會(huì)安全和公共衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域的重大突發(fā)事件。包括：美國、俄羅斯、新西蘭、加拿大、新加坡等。該類應(yīng)急管理體系強(qiáng)調(diào)層層負(fù)責(zé)、分工協(xié)作的應(yīng)急機(jī)制建設(shè)。(2)相對集中管理體系。國家設(shè)有專門的應(yīng)急機(jī)構(gòu)，用以協(xié)調(diào)及負(fù)責(zé)重大事故、重大突發(fā)事件和自然災(zāi)害的處理，具體應(yīng)急救援行動(dòng)由不同部門負(fù)責(zé)。包括：英國、韓國、日本、法國、西班牙、意大利、墨西哥等。該類應(yīng)急管理體系注重災(zāi)害防范知識(shí)的普及和預(yù)測預(yù)警機(jī)制建設(shè)。(3)分散管理體系，在國家層面沒有專門的常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)，應(yīng)急管理和處置以地方政府或國家有關(guān)部門為主，各地、各有關(guān)部門按照相關(guān)法律法規(guī)和應(yīng)急預(yù)案維系應(yīng)急機(jī)制的暢通。瑞士為此類。該類應(yīng)急管理體系強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)力量動(dòng)員與參與機(jī)制建設(shè) [5]。 gave everyone, with a view on how to do well under the new situation of township and village