【導(dǎo)讀】工程測量是各項(xiàng)建筑工程設(shè)計(jì)、施工及設(shè)備安裝的必要工序。隨著我國地鐵、軌。本文就當(dāng)前地鐵工程測量的現(xiàn)狀和主要技術(shù)方法，由生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐實(shí)際要。求出發(fā)，作一些介紹和論述。通，而且要滿足線路定線和放樣的精度要求。廣泛應(yīng)用于城市地鐵，是否科學(xué)值得商榷。一般認(rèn)為地下鐵道貫通測量誤差應(yīng)。測量誤差、變形誤差等。儀器和設(shè)備狀況以及隧道結(jié)構(gòu)的豎向允許偏差，很容易滿足貫通誤差設(shè)計(jì)要求，同樣采用不等精度分配方法，將高程貫通測量誤差分配到高程測量的。布設(shè)雙導(dǎo)線加強(qiáng)檢核和提高精度。由10個點(diǎn)組成，布設(shè)成單三角鎖形式，該網(wǎng)采用兩臺WM100單頻接收機(jī)觀測，1994年由于城市建設(shè)的影響，原有GPS控制點(diǎn)有的被破壞，有的發(fā)生變形，需要對原控制網(wǎng)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，并對原控制點(diǎn)的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行評價。意位置，即測量儀器或覘牌在非線路中心進(jìn)行斷面測量。即將頒布實(shí)施的《地鐵施工驗(yàn)收規(guī)范》中。位置允許偏差2mm，導(dǎo)線及附帶曲線允許偏差1mm，附帶曲線用10m弦量，

　　

【正文】 dd, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party anizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary pliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, 專業(yè)知識分享版 使命： 加速中國職業(yè)化進(jìn)程 disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half。 increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party anization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. Discipline straighten At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti four winds . The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. rule the provisions of Article 27, Party anizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have mitted embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of mitting a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is Regulations 專業(yè)知識分享版 使命： 加速中國職業(yè)化進(jìn)程 Article 28 the provisions of Party anizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. Regulations the 29 provisions, Party anizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party39。s image, the damage to the party, the state and the people39。s interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party39。s image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and 專業(yè)知識分享版 使命： 加速中國職業(yè)化進(jìn)程 regulations behavior. The fourth is cases Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people39。s Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people39。s court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts。 the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights。 due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original Regulations the 專業(yè)知識分享版 使命： 加速中國職業(yè)化進(jìn)程 provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party anizations. For is party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party. The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline in violation of discipline behavior of punishment in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline the violation of work discipline, punishment in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment 6 chapt