【正文】 的夢(mèng)想。）　　b. The train was delayed by the heavy snowfall. （火車因?yàn)榉e雪而晚點(diǎn)。）　　II. 英語的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)反過來轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語的名詞：一些由名詞派生的表示意愿、情緒等的動(dòng)詞，在翻譯成漢語時(shí)往往還將其返回來譯成名詞：1. This course is intended to provide aid to those women who ， for this reason or that， fail to get the opportunity to receive education.（這門課的目的就是給那些因?yàn)榉N種原因沒有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué)婦女們提供幫助。）　　 welldressed man， who looked and talked like a millionaire ， turned out to penniless。 （那個(gè)穿著講究，外表和談吐都象百萬富翁的人卻身無分文。）　　3. Gordon Allport ， an American psychologist ， found nearly 18，000 English words characterizing differences in people‘s behavior. （美國(guó)的心理學(xué)家高頓。愛爾波特發(fā)現(xiàn)有一萬個(gè)英語單詞可以用來表達(dá)人們行為的不同特征。）　?。?. The speech presented by the visiting scholar left considerable excitement in his mind（那位到訪學(xué)者的演講著實(shí)讓他感到很激動(dòng)。）　　2. The room is small but very cozy and his satisfaction can be read from his face.（這間房間很小但很舒適，從他臉上一眼就可看出他很滿意。）　　IV. 其它詞匯的轉(zhuǎn)譯方法：. If it‘s academic success you’re after，you can ‘t neglect studying. （如果你追求學(xué)術(shù)上的成功，一定不能忽視了學(xué)習(xí)。）　　b. Those who are for the program please raise your hand.（同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的人請(qǐng)舉手。）　　c. Will those in favor of the proposal e to attend the meeting next Saturday ？　?。ㄙ澇蛇@項(xiàng)提議的人下星期六來開會(huì)好嗎？）　　d. It wasn‘t that I was after money. I just wanted to make sure that he was found guilty again in the civil suit. （并不是因?yàn)槲蚁胍X，我只是想讓他即使是在民事案件方面也被判有罪。）　?。篴. In an overcrowded country， very few people own enough to make them financially independent. 在一個(gè)人口過度稠密的國(guó)家里，很少有人能在財(cái)政上獨(dú)立。）　　b. To be economically prosperous， China will apply more flexible policies of opening to the outside. （為了能達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)上的繁榮，中國(guó)將實(shí)行更為靈活的開放政策。）　　c. Aside from offering financial support， work can keep us healthy not only physically but also mentally.（工作除了能給我們提供財(cái)政上的支持外，還能夠使我們?cè)谏眢w上和心理上保持健康。）　　一些短語中：To be mentally prepared …。，心理上做好準(zhǔn)備To be materially equipped………，物資上作好準(zhǔn)備During the politically eventful late1960s…。，政治上正置多事之秋的60年代。自考英語翻譯技巧五關(guān)于加詞、減詞等在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題?！　∷^加詞就是根據(jù)原文的思想內(nèi)涵透過文字表達(dá)上的表面現(xiàn)象，充分照顧到另一種語言的文法特征、描述規(guī)律，在將其翻譯成另一種語言時(shí)該加詞的地方加詞，該減詞的地方減詞，千萬不可以為了可以追求所謂的“精練、簡(jiǎn)潔”而隨隨便便地減詞；也不可以離開原文，憑空膩測(cè)，隨隨便便加詞。具體地說：　　加詞：　　：“靜止”的語言，在所有的詞匯當(dāng)中，用名詞的居多；而相比較而言，漢語則無此限制，不管有多少動(dòng)詞都可以并排使用。因此，許多英語的名詞翻譯成漢語時(shí)都要加上一些動(dòng)詞，否則，意思則很不完整，例如：a. But by 1981 he had to have further surgery on his hand. And a month later， he suffered as stroke. （到了1981年，他的手不得不又做了一次手術(shù)。一個(gè)月以后，他又中風(fēng)了。）　　b. His speech in at the meeting turned out exert an stimulating effect on the mind of the people present that day. （他那天在會(huì)上所做的報(bào)告使所有在場(chǎng)的人深受鼓舞。）　　c. He maintain that only hard work and unswerving perseverance can lead to improved performance.（他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，只有通過勤奮工作加上不懈的努力才會(huì)取得好的成績(jī)。）　　d. The lives claimed by shoddy construction projects should be enough to put governments at all levels on the alert. （偽劣建筑奪取了很多人的生命，這一點(diǎn)足以使我們的各級(jí)部門提高警惕。）　　e. Efforts must be made to improve service for more than 1 million domestic and overseas tourists. （為了一百萬的國(guó)內(nèi)外旅客的利益，我們一定為改善服務(wù)質(zhì)量而進(jìn)行努力。）　　f. You ought to know better than to go swimming straight after a meal.（你不應(yīng)該一吃過飯，馬上就去游泳，這是很不明智的。）　?。涸跐h語中，及物和不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別不是很明顯，有時(shí)所謂及物動(dòng)詞后面的賓語如果上下文中能夠看的出，往往可以省略不說；而英語則不然。由于英語對(duì)及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別很明顯，因此翻譯成漢語時(shí)則很麻煩。特別是一些不及物動(dòng)詞必須帶上它后面的賓語句子意思才能顯得完整。因此，我們?cè)诜g時(shí)往往就需要增補(bǔ)。　　a. Make a schedule or chart of you time and fill in mitted time such as eating ，playing ， meetings ， classes， etc. （作一個(gè)時(shí)間表，然后，將吃飯、睡覺、開會(huì)、上課等等的時(shí)間填上。）　　b. It was two hours before the old couple mustered up enough courage to get up and called the police and they explained that they‘d done that after much deliberation.（直到兩個(gè)小時(shí)以后，那對(duì)老夫妻才有勇氣敢從床上爬起來給警察打電話，并解釋說那也是經(jīng)過仔細(xì)考慮才敢作的。）　　?！　。═he operation is believed to be the work of a wellorganized organized group. ）　　?！　。↖ came here in the spirit of friendship and learning. ）　　有時(shí)形容詞前面也可以加上名詞：e. His wife thinks that this furniture is too expensive and ， moreover looks very ugly.（他妻子認(rèn)為，這件家具價(jià)格昂貴而且外表難看。）　　f. I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.（然后，我繼續(xù)裝著對(duì)這種事情很內(nèi)行的樣子，結(jié)果更使他們認(rèn)定我是一個(gè)名聲很壞的人。）　　有時(shí)，一些名詞或者數(shù)量詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式翻譯成漢語后前面也要加詞表示重疊：g. Thousands of students from the city‘s colleges and universities jammed the railway station awaiting the arrival of their football team. （成千上萬的高校學(xué)生一起涌到火車站歡迎他們的足球隊(duì)凱旋?！　. These she bought the medical supplies with the large sums of money given to her by many friends to help her in the Crimea （她用朋友們給她的一筆筆錢購買醫(yī)療設(shè)備。）　　i. To look after the hordes of sick men there were only a few old doctor who were helpless before such scene of suffering and misery. （只有這些老醫(yī)生來照看一群群的傷員，他們?cè)谌绱说耐纯?、悲傷面前，顯得無可奈何。　?。哼@里的代詞主要是指作動(dòng)詞賓語的代詞，因?yàn)橛⒄Z中的所有及物動(dòng)詞都必須帶有賓語，所以漢語翻譯成英語時(shí)也需要增補(bǔ)：a. If you like this novel ， I can lend it to you.（如果你喜歡這本小說，我可以借給你。）　　b. I think she‘d appreciate it if we all helped out a bit more.（我覺得如果我們能幫她一把，她回很感激的。）　　c. Would you please look for the key once more？ I remembered clearly putting it in the drawer last time. （能不能再找一遍鑰匙？我記得上次放在抽屜里了。）　　：漢語可以通過上下文來連接句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，而英語則靠一些連接詞來完成：a. If you want to go， I would give you my advice that you take an umbrella.（你要去，我建議你別忘了帶把傘。）　　b. Since its opening five years ago ， the shop has attracted a lot of customers.（這家商店五年前開業(yè)以來，吸引了大批顧客。）　　c. Since the beginning of this century， more and more scientists have bee interested in the way the human brain works. （本世紀(jì)以來，越來越多的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開始對(duì)人腦活動(dòng)的方式感興趣。）　　d. His friends asked him to write them as soon as he got there. （他的朋友要他到了那兒就給他們寫信。）　　e. He went so far as to cheat openly on test. （他居然敢公開作弊。）　　f. The factory has decided to massproduce the equipment at a low cost. （這家工廠已經(jīng)決定低成本、大批量的生產(chǎn)這種儀器。）　　g. Why was he absent from school yesterday？　?。ㄋ蛱鞛槭裁床簧蠈W(xué)？）　　h. The older leader gave us the suggestion that we be free from arrogance and rashness.（老領(lǐng)導(dǎo)告戒我們要戒驕戒躁。）　　i. This ， he said， deprived him of his civil rights ， and he asked for $150，000 in damages. （他說，這等于是剝奪了他的公民權(quán)力，因此申請(qǐng)$150，000 的賠償。）　　j. His marriage suffered and ended in divorce.（他的婚姻也受到影響，最后還是離了婚。）　　k. After a few rounds of talks， both sides regarded the territory dispute as settled.（幾輪會(huì)談以后，雙方認(rèn)為邊界問題可以解決了。）　　l. As her year as chief resident drew to a close， Mrs. White decided to s