【正文】 en７∶０５ is the time when my plane arrives7．　 １９６０ is the year The revolution took place then１９６０ is the year when the revolution took place8．　 July is the month The weather is usually the hottest thenJuly is the month when the weather is usually the hottest 在定語從句中又可分為兩大類定語從句，即限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。①　限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉的話，主句的意思就不完整，意義就表述不明。這種句型一般定語從句緊接先行詞，如：I was the only person in my office who was invited②　非限制性定語從句。它與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對其附加說明，也就是講即便去掉定語從句，句意也不受影響，仍然清晰明了。這樣的定語從句要在它和主句之間加一逗號分開。且關(guān)系代詞不引導(dǎo)這種非限制性定語從句，如： Abraham Lincoln， who led the United States through these years， was shot on April １４，?。保福叮?at a theatre in washington Ｄ．?。茫∮秩纾篏alileo lived in the city of Pisa， where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high（二） 正誤辨析 ［誤］ I won39。t tell you the name of the person who teach me English ［正］ I won39。t tell you the name of the person who teaches me English ［析］ 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時，從它本身看不出其數(shù)的形式，這時要由它的先行詞決定。這里who 應(yīng)由 the person 單數(shù)決定，應(yīng)該用單數(shù)謂語動詞。又如：I who am a student want to find a spare time job這里的 who 應(yīng)與 I 是一致的，所以其謂語動詞應(yīng)該用am。
［誤］ We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War ［正］ We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War ［析］ 這里的關(guān)系代詞不要用 who， 因為其先行詞有兩個一個是 things (物)，而另一個是people (人)，這時既不可用 who， 又不可用 which， 因前者只能用于先行詞是人的情況下，而后者則用于先行詞是物的情況下，所以只能用 that， 因為它的先行詞既可以是人又可以是物。［誤］ The book， that I bought yesterday， was very good［正］ The book， which I bought yesterday， was very good ［析］ 先行詞與定語從句被逗號分割開來時，即作為非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定語從句中的作用一樣，而獨有 that 不易用于非限制性定語從句。［誤］ The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool ［正］ The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool ［析］ 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中是要起語法作用的，它不是作主語就是作賓語。雖然在作賓語時它的位置由原來的賓語位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原賓語位置上不能再出現(xiàn)賓語。［誤］ The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which es from America［正］ The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who es from America ［析］ the one， anyone， those 作代詞并且是指某人、物時，其關(guān)系代詞不能用 which 應(yīng)用 who。［誤］ This is the room in that the old man lives ［正］ This is the room in which the old man lives ［正］ This is the room which the old man lives in ［正］ This is the room that the old man lives in ［析］ that 不能緊跟在介詞后作介詞賓語，但如果介詞不前置仍放于句尾，則可用 that 作引導(dǎo)詞，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in［誤］ I can do everything which is good for you ［正］ I can do everything that is good for you ［析］ 在先行詞是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等不定代詞時，雖然它們指的是物體，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。［誤］ The only thing which the students can do is studying hard ［正］ The only thing that the students can do is studying hard ［析］ 在先行詞前有 only， any， few， little， no， all， one of 等詞修飾時，雖然先行詞指的是物，也不要用 which 作關(guān)系代詞，而要用 that。［誤］ This is the first American film which I39。ve ever seen ［正］ This is the first American film that I39。ve ever seen ［析］ 在先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或由序數(shù)詞修飾時，其關(guān)系代詞不可用 which 這樣的用法還有在形容詞最高級修飾的先行詞之后，如： This is the best book that I have ever seen［誤］ He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin ［正］ He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin ［析］ 當(dāng) as 或 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，它可能沒有明確的先行詞，它們所指代的是前面整個句子。如例題應(yīng)譯為他是從非洲來這個事情是可以從其膚色上看出的。 三、 常見習(xí)慣用語（一）　知識概要 由于英語國家的語言習(xí)慣與中國的語言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處，所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書寫，或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對英語的問句作解答。例如一個小女孩十分好看，可愛，外國人見到時會講： You are so beautiful 這時的答語應(yīng)該是 Thank you 如果外國人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語不錯，他們會講： Your English is very good 這時中國人常常會說：不，我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語，但是不符合英語習(xí)慣。它正確的答語應(yīng)是 Thank you 雖然交際英語有一些規(guī)律可講，但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國的生活習(xí)慣，了解他們的文化背景，歷史淵源，這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門外語。（二）　正誤辨析 ［誤］ What can I do for you? Yes， please help me ［正］ What can I do for you? I39。d like to buy a sweater ［析］ What can I do for you? 這一問語實際上用于的情景很多，要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為：您想要點什么?在其他場合也可以被譯為：我能為您做些什么?它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對方提供的幫助。［誤］ Which colour do you like? Sorry， I don39。t like ［正］ Which colour do you like? I prefer blue ［析］ 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it［誤］ Do you like to e with us tonight? ［正］ Would you like to e with us tonight? ［析］ Do you like … 問的是對方的習(xí)慣，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請、提議。邀請的英語表達(dá)法還有如下幾種：Shall we go? 我們走吧!Let39。s go? 讓我們走吧!How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢?其肯定答語一般為Certainly， Yes， O．Ｋ．　All right， With pleasure［誤］ Sorry， I39。ve kept you waitingNot at all ［正］ Sorry， I39。ve kept you waitingNever mind ［析］ 介意不介意這一問法與答語在中英文中有所不同。如： Do you mind my smoking here? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ Ａ．　Yes， do it pleaseＢ．　No， of course notＣ．　Yes， take it pleaseＤ．　No， you can39。t take it這時正確的選擇應(yīng)是B。 其意為：不介意，當(dāng)然不。而A選項則自相矛盾了，它應(yīng)譯為：是的我介意，請抽吧。而D選項是：不介意，你不能抽。當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ綘幥笠庖姇r，可以有以下問法：Do you mind if I open the door?Would you mind mailing the letter for me其答語如果是同意應(yīng)為： Certainly not， not at all而不同意時應(yīng)為 Yes， 或 I39。m sorry［誤］ What39。s that man?He is Mike ［正］ What39。s that man?He is a teacher ［正］ Who39。s that man?He is Mike (He is Mike39。s father) ［析］ 由 what 提問是問的職業(yè)，由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。［誤］ How much are they? Half a kilo， please ［正］ How many bananas do you want? Half a kilo Please ［析］ How much are they? 問的是價格而不是實際物品的多少。［誤］ I39。m sorry， but is this the way to the park? ［正］ Excuse me， but is this the way to the park? ［析］ I39。m sorry 是對已經(jīng)做錯了的事向?qū)Ψ降狼笗r的開始語。而 Excuse me 是在打擾對方之前表達(dá)歉意的話。［誤］ Have a good time tonight! You are the same ［正］ Have a good time tonight! The same to you ［析］ The same to you 是表達(dá)我也祝您有個愉快的夜晚，它是美語中的習(xí)慣用法。［誤］ What39。s the problem? I39。ve got a headache ［正］ What39。s wrong with you?I39。ve got a headache ［析］ What39。s wrong with you? 是詢問對方身體狀態(tài)如何，而 What39。s the problem?是問對方遇到了什么麻煩。［誤］ Now， I39。m back Can I play? Perhaps You39。d better do your homework first ［正］ Now， I39。m back Can I