【正文】 歲了嗎？　Yes , I am (thirsty).　是的，我是。5．同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分 如： a) —Are you feeling better now? 你覺得好些了嗎 ？—(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了。 b) (I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好運(yùn)/祝你順利。 四、動詞不定式省略，只保留to 的場合 1．不定式作某些動詞的賓語時(shí)，這些動詞常見的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage等。如： a)— You should have thanked her before you left . —I meant to ,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.—你本該在離開前謝謝她?！冶敬蛩氵@么做，但當(dāng)我就要離開的時(shí)候我卻找不到她了。（2000上海春） b) You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做，你可以這么做。 2．不定式作某些動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，這些動詞常見的有：ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn 等。如 ： a) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上騎他的自行車，但他母親不讓。(NMET1995) b) She wants to e but her parents won’t allow her to (e).　她想來，可是她父母不讓。 3．不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時(shí)，常見的形容詞有：happy, glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready 等。如： 　— I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ? 　 — Not at would be happy to (look after your cat).　—我要出差，你能幫我照顧一下我的貓嗎？—沒關(guān)系，我很愿意。4．不定式作某些復(fù)合謂語時(shí)，常見結(jié)構(gòu)如：be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如： 　He doesn’t like fish but he used to 他現(xiàn)在不喜歡吃魚，但過去喜歡。 五、動詞不定式to 的省略 1．主語部分有to do ,系動詞 is 或 was 時(shí) ，作表語的不定式通常省去to。如： 　The only thing you have to do is press the 。 2．作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語，前面又有實(shí)意動詞 do時(shí)，不定式通常省去to. 如：　He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro“independence” “獨(dú)立”的時(shí)間表外，什么也沒有做。 3．主語部分暗含to do，表語中的不定式通常省去to。如：　All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .我想要（做）的就是上學(xué)，努力學(xué)習(xí)。 4．當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式并列時(shí)，其后的不定式符號可以省略，但有對比關(guān)系時(shí)不可省略。如：　It is easier to say than to do . 說起來容易，做起來難。5．在would rather…than… 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號常常要省略. 如：　I would rather stay at home than go to see a 。 6．在see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)省略不定式符號to；why (not) do 結(jié)構(gòu) 中, 不定式不帶to。如：　a) I saw her enter the room. 我看見她進(jìn)入了房間 　b) Why not join us ?為什么不加入到我們的行列里來呢？ 六．其他一些省略結(jié)構(gòu) 1．名詞所有格修飾的名詞，若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時(shí)，常?？梢允÷?。如：　We spent the weekend at the Mary39。s.　我們在瑪麗家過的周末。 2．What和 how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，?？墒÷灾髡Z it 和be動詞 如： a) What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Tom ! 這對Tom來說是個(gè)多么大的勝利呀！ b) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child. 被當(dāng)作一個(gè)正常孩子對待對他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。 第四章 主謂一致 主謂一致(Subject Verb Agreement)，指”人稱”和”: He is going abroad. They are playing football.　可分為:語法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致.(一) 語法一致原則: 即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù). 以下為注意事項(xiàng):1. 單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語, 謂語動詞仍用單數(shù).如: Air as well as water is matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì).No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒有一個(gè)人遲來用餐。2. 用and連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語動詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù). 如: The poet and writer has e. 那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個(gè)人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)用and連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。3. 不定式(短語), 動名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞用單數(shù). 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。4. 用連接的并列主語被each, every 或no修飾時(shí), 謂語動詞用單數(shù).Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請去幫忙。5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, :Each of us has something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說。6. 若主語中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語時(shí), 謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.More than one student was late. 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到More persons than one e to help us. 不止一個(gè)人來幫助我們。7. none 做主語時(shí),謂語動詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語動詞要用單數(shù). 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人無完人。None of this worries me. 這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). 如:His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , :A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news 。 以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics。 國名如: the United States。 報(bào)紙名如: the New Times。 書名如: Arabian Night 天方夜談。 以及The United Nations聯(lián)合國 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。10. “a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞要用單數(shù). 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。(二) 內(nèi)容一致原則: , half, most, the rest等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時(shí),:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個(gè)蘋果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語時(shí), :A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。3. :Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等于10。4. 表示時(shí)間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語時(shí), 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí), :Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5. (1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括police , people, cattle 等, : The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括 audience, mittee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public :The mittee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委員會決定解雇他。6. the +形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語時(shí), :The injured were saved after the fire.(三) 就近原則1. 由here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, (有時(shí)主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)):Here es the bus 公共汽車來了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在這兒的時(shí)候, 你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2. 用連詞or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等連接的并列主語, 謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows an