【正文】 時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war..whose人，物定語I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that人，物主語，賓語A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主語，賓語The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主語，賓語He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因狀語I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichII. that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別：情況用法說明例句只用that的情況1． 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)。2． 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(shí)3． 先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)4． 先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)5． 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)6． 句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí) told me everything that he knows. the books that you offered has been given out. is the best film that I have ever read. talked about the persons and things that we remembered. is the only man that I want to see. is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情況1． 在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2． 在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3． 先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as與which的區(qū)別：定語從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. 非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定語從句　對(duì)先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語，不能用that引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語時(shí)也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.十．名詞性從句種類作用常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞例句主語從句在復(fù)合句中做主語，相當(dāng)于名詞，一般置謂語之前，也可用it作形式主語，主語從句放主句之后that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, whereverWhether he will e or not doesn’t matter much.Whoever es here will be wele.表語從句在復(fù)合句中做表語，相當(dāng)于名詞，位于系動(dòng)詞之后It looks as if it is going to snow.賓語從句在復(fù)合句中做賓語，相當(dāng)于名詞He asked me which team could win the game.同位語從句放在名詞之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具體內(nèi)容You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.十一。狀語從句種類連接詞注意點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly主句表示將來意義時(shí)，從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；while引導(dǎo)的從句中動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的；until用在肯定句中主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，而否定句中主句動(dòng)詞為短暫性的。地點(diǎn)狀語where, wherever原因狀語because, as, since, now thatbecause語氣最強(qiáng)，since較弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。條件狀語if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來時(shí)，常用一般時(shí)代替目的狀語so that, in order that, for fear thatso that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)果狀語so…that, such…that比較狀語than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more方式狀語as if, as though, asas if 和as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣。讓步狀語though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, wheneveras在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式；although和though用正常語序，可和yet連用，但不可和but連用十二。倒裝句種類倒裝條件例句完全倒裝here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副詞開頭的句子表示強(qiáng)調(diào)Out rushed the children.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語作狀語位于句首Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.強(qiáng)調(diào)表語，置于句首，或?yàn)楸３志渥悠胶釶resent at the meeting were 1,000 students.部分倒裝never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首Hardly did I know what had happened.only和修飾的狀語放于句首Only then did he realized the importance of English.not only…but also連接并列的句子，前倒后不倒Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.neither…nor…連接并列的句子，前后都倒裝Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.so…that, such…that中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句首時(shí)前倒后不倒So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語Child as he is, he has learned a lot.so, neither或nor表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另外的人或事。He can play the piano. So can i.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中May you be in good health!省略if的虛擬條件Were I you, I would not do it in this way.十三。虛擬語氣類別用法例句If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式（be用were）主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If he were here, he would help us.與過去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：had+過去分詞主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞If I had been free, I would have visited you.與將來事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式 / should+動(dòng)詞原形 / were+不定式主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.其它狀語從句as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.in order that / so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞用can / could / may / might / would等+動(dòng)詞原形Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.賓語從句demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動(dòng)詞為should+動(dòng)詞原形He suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+動(dòng)詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反I wish I could be a pop singer.主語從句在It is necessary / important / strange that…, It is suggested / demanded / ordered / requested that… 等從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形It is strange that such a person should be our friends.其它句型中It is time that…句型中動(dòng)詞用過去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形It’s high time that we left.would rather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或者過去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中動(dòng)詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望If only our dream had e