【導讀】基礎(chǔ)護理實驗操作流程。重慶醫(yī)科大學護理學實驗教學中心。護理學基礎(chǔ)是護理專業(yè)的重要專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程，也是護理專業(yè)學生。的主干課程和重點課程。其主要任務(wù)是使學生獲得和掌握護理病人所。必須的基本理論、基本知識、基本技能。的重要環(huán)節(jié)，通過實驗課學習和強化操練，培養(yǎng)學生的護理實踐技能、良好的職業(yè)素質(zhì)、敏銳的觀察分析和判斷能力，為學生的?？谱o理學。習及今后的護理職業(yè)生涯奠定堅實的基礎(chǔ)。本書在編寫、審定過程中，得到重慶醫(yī)科大學護理學院領(lǐng)導和?？谇蛔o理―――――――――――――――――――――――——――――10. 皮內(nèi)注射與皮試液的配制――――――――――――――――――――――12. 手術(shù)室刷手規(guī)則―――――――――――――――――――――――——―15. 心肺復蘇搶救護理程序――――――――――――――――――――—――18. 臥床病人更換床單法。取出棉胎，套入清潔被套內(nèi)。協(xié)助病人取舒適臥位

　　

【正文】 kin Vent out the air Draw in drug solution Tighten the skin。 form a 3040 bevel between the syringe and the skin Insert the needle。 inject drug solution if no blood reflux Press slightly with dry swab。 pull out the needle。 press down。 observe。 check again Smooth the bed sheets Dispose the soiled matters Hold on the syringe Tidy up after operation 31 Hand Washing Principles in Surgery Cut nails before the operation。 wash dirt and grease off hands, forarms, elbowls and foreparts of the upperarms with soap 1. Wet sterile brush with hand sanitizer。 brush in the following order witout missing: nails, fingers, palm, hand back, wrist, forearm, 3 inches above the elbow (pay attention to nail edges, places between fingers, wrinkles in the wrist and cubital fossa) 2. Rinse off the dirty sanitizer, fingers upward and elbow downward。 hands hanger over the elbow so as to avoid water flow from the arms to hands 3. Brush hands another twice in the same way。 dry up the brushed parts with sterile towel。 keep the hands overhanging, not droop down。 keep hands away the unsterilized objects, otherwise brush the hands another 3 times 4. Duration: 10 minutes of the total 3 times 32 Aseptic Techniques Put on sterile gloves Germfree articles: forceps, container, treating bowel, treating napkin, solution, gloves, rectangular box, sterile package, immersion bottle Prepare to operate Make sterile tray Pour out the sterile solution Cover the sterile tray Prepare articles Cleanse the operation table and tray Cut nails。 wash hands 被套、帶套床刷 Place the bowel in the tray with hand supporting the bowel base Check the bottle label。 examine the solution Uncover the bottle in sterile way Rinse the bottle mouth。 pour out the solution into the bowel Cover the bottle in sterile way。 document the time and date Check。 unpack。 lubricate hands Put on gloves by holding the folded of the opening Grab the opening。 unfold Articles for cleaning: middle size tray, kidneybasin, pen, writing paper Check and untie the sterile package Unpack。 clamp the napkin。 pack up as it was。 document the time and date Bespread the napkin in a sector with the placket outward Forcep the needed articles into the tray Fold the opening up twice。 fold downward once the right and left edges。 record the valid duration Cover the tray to the edge Take off gloves by grabing the out surface Immerse the gloves Smooth gloves with gauze Take off the sterile glove 33 Urethral Cathererization on Female Patient Tidy up after the operation Sterile urethral catheterization package, 2 treating bowels, hemostat, forceps, 2 ureters, sterile cotton balls, cup, paraffn oil, swabs, kidneybasin, perforated napkin Take articles to bed Prepare to operate Scrub the vulva with sterile soultion Catheterize Prepare articles Interpret。 close the windown and door。 shelter Lower the bed end。 cover the quilt on patient。 patient lie on back with knees bending。 separate the legs Pull down the offside trouser。 cover the nearside leg with the towel Expose the vulva with quilt on the offside leg Put the rubber sheet and napkin under the button Put the tray between legs。 unpack the sterile package Put on gloves。 bespread the perforated napkin。 lubricate the urethra Forcep an ureter。 separate the labia minora with the left hand Sterilize ureteral orifice, offside and nearside labia minora, ureteral orifice again Insert the ureter 46cm with hemostat in right hand Articles for scrubbing: sterile treating bowel with alcohol cotton balls in, kidneybasin, forceps, gloves, bath towel Place the bowel and kidneybasin on the bed end Place the nidneybasin near the vulva。 put gloves or fingertips on left hand Scrub with sterile cotton ball the clitorils, labia majora, labia minora, ureteral orifice, anal Put the soiled cotton ball in the kidneybasin Take away the perforated napkin。 scrub the vulva Take off gloves。 take away the tray, rubber sheet and napkin Assist to pull up trousers。 smooth the bed sheets Neaten the artiles。 document。 sent the urine sample to laboratory Insert 1cm more when urine appears Empty the forepart urine。 keep the middle part sterile urine as sample Pull out the ureter to put in the basin 34 CPR Nursing Process in Emergency I. Assessment 1. Major evidence: sudden loss of consciousness and aortic pulsation 2. Other evidences: no heart tone, unmeasurable BP, sighlike breathing and no breathing soon, mydriasis, cyanosis II. Procedure: see the appendix III. Evaluation 1. Effective: tangible aortic pulsation, autonomous respiration, consciouness ing back, pupil constracting and responding to light 2. Noneffective: intangible aortic pulsation, dialated pupil, no autonomous respiration IV. Instruction 1. Action should be rapid and precise。 do not press the chest while blowing oxygen into nose or mouth。 pression should be even and the hands stick to the chest 2. When the victim ing back, offer prompt psychological support and interpretation if needed