【正文】 icalone.現(xiàn)代主義的標(biāo)志：T.S.Eliot’s“TheWasteLand”,themostsignificantAmericanpoemofthetwentiethcentury,helpedtoestablishamoderntraditionofliteraturerichwithlearningandallusivethought.典型的迷惘一代：F.ScottFitzgerald,“TheGreatGatsby”《了不起的蓋茨比》novelErnestHemingway“TheSunAlsoRises”《太陽照樣升起》“AFarwelltoArms”《告別了，武器》WilliamFaulkner“TheSoundandtheFury”《喧囂與騷動》Playwrights戲劇、劇作家：EugeneO’Neill“TheEmperorJones”《瓊斯國王》、“AnnaChristie”《》、“TheHairyApe”《毛猿》TheJazzAge(享樂時代)：whenNewOrleansmusiciansmoved“uptheriver”toChicago,andthetheatreofNewYork’sHarlempulsedwiththemusicthathadbeeasymbolofthetimes.FitzgeraldportraystheJazzAgeasagenerationof“thebeautifulanddamned”,drowningintheirpleasures.二、代表作家：EzraPound詩人①Imagism意象派的代表人物。PoundandEliotbecametheearlyleadersinrestoringtopoetrytheuseofliteraryreferenceasanimaginativeinstrument.龐德和愛略特都是運用意象主義作為文學(xué)表現(xiàn)手法的早期詩人。②majorworkofpoetryisthelongpoemcalled“TheCantos”RobertFrost自然主義詩人poet①詩歌特點和內(nèi)容：(1)rejectedtherevolutionarypoeticprinciplesofhiscontemporaries,choosinginstead“theoldfashionedwaytobenew.”HeemployedtheplainspeechofruralNewEnglandersandpreferredtheshort,traditionalformsoflyricandnarrative.(2)Hesawnatureasastorehouseofanalogyandsymbol.(3Hisconcernwithnaturereflecteddeepmoraluncertainties,andhispoetry,forallitsapparentsimplicity,oftenprobesmysteriesofdarknessandirrationalityinthebleakandchaoticlandscapesofanindifferentuniversewheremenstandalone,unaidedandperplexed.②hebeeanationalbard美國民族詩人的翹首,winfourPulitzerPrizes獲得了四次普利茲獎.③“TheRoadNotTaken”、“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”向往大自然，想逃避社會；死亡、迷惑WallaceStevens詩人①Hisworkisprimarilymotivatedbythebeliefthat“ideasoforder,”thatis,trueideas,correspondwithaninnateorderinnatureanduniverse,andthatitisthehighprivilegeofindividualsandmankindtodiscoverthiscorrespondence.作品動機(jī)起源于秩序理念，他的秩序就是真理，就是自然與宇宙天然一致的次序，是人類與個體發(fā)現(xiàn)這種一致性的特權(quán)。②代表作：“TheManwiththeBlueGuitar”《帶藍(lán)吉他的人》；“NecessaryAngel”《必要的天使》，collectionofhisoccasionallecturesonpoetry詩歌的評論.“AnecdoteoftheJar”《壇子的軼事》jar–manmade–art,wildness–nature,jarbringorder/meaningtothenature,藝術(shù)到自然的秩序，integrated統(tǒng)一體③特點：(1)headoptedavarietyofexperimentalstyles,createdpoeticsurfacesofFrenchifiedelegance,exoticimagery,oddsounds,curiousanalogies,andinscrutable(2)heconfrontedthecontemporaryabandonmentoftraditionalvaluesandsoughttoetotermswiththeconfusionsofhistime.Theproblemoftheinterrelationbetweentheidealandtherealbecameaconstantthemeinhislater(3)aseriesofoppositionsbetweeninnerandouterworlds–betweensubjectandobject,perceiverandperceived,fictionandfact,“imaginationandreality”(想象與現(xiàn)實)★ThomasStearnsEliot現(xiàn)代主義代言人①多重身份：poet詩人,critic評論家,playwright劇作家②代表作：“TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock”poems，holdsitsplaceinthedevelopmentofEliot’spoetryasawhole.“TraditionandtheIndividualTalent”essay,隨筆《傳統(tǒng)和個人天才》,theearlieststatementofhisaesthetics第一次闡釋了自己的審美觀點.providedausefulinstrumentformodern“TheWasteLand”《荒原》oneofthemajorworksofmodernliterature.Useanewform—theorchestrationofrelatedthemesinsuccessivemovement.新的文學(xué)形式即相關(guān)的主題在連續(xù)運動中構(gòu)成交響效果?！癋ourQuartets”《四個四重奏》poem“MurderintheCathedral”，poetictragedy,詩歌悲詩,adrama(戲劇)ofimpressivespiritual③作品特點：(1)concernsvariousaspectsofthefrustrationandenfeeblementofindividualcharacterasseeninperspectivewiththedecayofstates,peoples,andreligious，正確思索了國家、人民、宗教信仰等的喪失。(2)poemconceivedasamadeobject,anorganicthinginitself,whoseconcreteelementsaretruecorrelativesoftheartist’simaginationandexperiencewithrespecttothat，詩歌的具體元素與藝術(shù)家的想象和經(jīng)歷密切相關(guān)，也與詩歌相一致。(3)Thedegreetowhichfusionandconcentrationofintellect,feeling,andexperiencewereachievedwasEliot’scriterionforjudgingthe、情感、體驗的融合與集中程度是愛略特判定詩歌好壞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。F.ScottFitzgeraldnovelist小說家①作品：“ThisSideofParadise”《人間天堂》，thefirstnovel.“TheGreatGatsby”《了不起的蓋茨比》novel“TenderIstheNight”《夜色溫柔》novel②第二本小說的開展過程：dream夢想→Daisyselfcentered理想化的淑女，自我為中心→disenchantment,disillusion魔法消失，(因階級差異)夢想破滅→senseoffailureanddespair(light)失敗和絕望Ash灰(象征)→forest樹木，西部開發(fā)，樹木變成灰了③limitedpointofview有限視角→suspense懸念+mystery神秘真實性→reliable可信的，不偏，不評價ErnestHemingwaynovelist小說家①寫作特點：(1)hedevelopedaspare,tight,reportorialprosebasedonsimplysentencestructureandusingarestrictedvocabulary,preciseimagery,andanimpersonal,dramatic，認(rèn)為報告文學(xué)句子結(jié)構(gòu)要簡單，用語要節(jié)制，想象要簡練，要采用不受感情影響的、戲劇化的語調(diào)。(2)Hisprimaryconcernwasanindividual’s“momentoftruth,”andhisfascinationwiththethreatofphysical,emotional,ofpsychicdeathisreflectedinhislifelongpreoccupationwithstoriesof“真理的瞬時性”，癡迷于描寫肉體情感方面面臨的威脅和心靈死亡等主題。(3)man’sgreatestachievementistoshowgraceunderpressure作品主題,orpurityoflinethroughthemaximumofexposure最大限度地挖掘自己使自己成為一個純粹的人.②代表作：“TheSunAlsoRises”Hemingwaybecamethespokesmanfor“alostgeneration”“AFarewelltoArms”、“ForWhomtheBellTolls”、“TheOldManandtheSea”