【導(dǎo)讀】Whatisliterature?gardenofEden.diaries,histories,journals,letters,travelbooks,bynone§.lSchlegelBros.

　　

【正文】 object before the reader as it had presented itself to the poet＊ s mind at the time of writing. IV. Principles treatment of the ※ thing167。, whether subjective or objective。 use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation。 regarding rhythm, to pose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of a metronome. V. Significance was a rebellion against the traditional poetics which failed to reflect the new life of the new century. offered a new way of writing which was valid not only for the Imagist poets but for modern poetry as a whole. movement was a training school in which many great poets learned their first lessons in the poetic art. is this movement that helped to open the first pages of modern English and American poetry. VI. Ezra Pound career （ 1） Cathay （ 2） Cantos （ 3） Hugh Selwyn Mauberley of view （ 1） Confident in Pound＊ s belief that the artist was morally and culturally the arbiter and the ※ saviour167。 of the race, he took it upon himself to purify the arts and became the prime mover of a few experimental movements, the aim of which was to dump the old into the dustbin and bring forth something new. （ 2） To him life was sordid personal crushing oppression, and culture produced nothing but ※ intangible bondage167。. （ 3） Pound sees in Chinese history and the doctrine of Confucius a source of strength and wisdom with which to counterpoint Western gloom and confusion. （ 4） He saw a chaotic world that wanted setting to rights, and a humanity, suffering from spiritual death and cosmic injustice, that needed saving. He was for the most part of his life trying to offer Confucian philosophy as the one faith which could help to save the West. : very difficult to read Pound＊ s early poems are fresh and lyrical. The Cantos can be notoriously difficult in some sections, but delightfully beautiful in others. Few have made serious study of the long poem。 fewer, if anyone at all, have had the courage to declare that they have conquered Pound。 and many seem to agree that the Cantos is a monumental failure. He has helped, through theory and practice, to chart out the course of modern poetry. Cantos 每 ※ the intellectual diary since 1915167。 Features: （ 1） Language: intricate and obscure （ 2） Theme: plex subject matters （ 3） Form: no fixed framework, no central theme, no attention to poetic rules . S. Eliot （ 1） poems l The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock l The Waste Land （ epic） l Hollow Man l Ash Wednesday l Four Quarters （ 2） Plays l Murder in the Cathedral l Sweeney Agonistes l The Cocktail Party l The Confidential Clerk （ 3） Critical essays l The Sacred Wood l Essays on Style and Order l Elizabethan Essays l The Use of Poetry and The Use of Criticisms l After Strange Gods of view （ 1） The modern society is futile and chaotic. （ 2） Only poets can create some order out of chaos. （ 3） The method to use is to pare the past and the present. （ 1） Fresh visual imagery, flexible tone and highly expressive rhythm （ 2） Difficult and disconnected images and symbols, quotations and allusions （ 3） Elliptical structures, strange juxtapositions, an absence of bridges Waste Land: five parts （ 1） The Burial of the Dead （ 2） A Game of Chess （ 3） The Fire Sermon （ 4） Death by Water （ 5） What the Thunder Said VIII. Robert Frost of view （ 1） All his life, Frost was concerned with constructions through poetry. ※ a momentary stay against confusion167。. （ 2） He understands the terror and tragedy in nature, but also its beauty. （ 3） Unlike the English romantic poets of 19th century, he didn＊ t believe that man could find harmony with nature. He believed that serenity came from working, usually amid natural forces, which couldn＊ t be understood. He regarded work as ※ significant toil167。. 每 poems the first: A Boy＊ s Will collections: North of Boston, Mountain Interval （ mature） , New Hampshire （ 1） Most of his poems took New England as setting, and the subjects were chosen from daily life of ordinary people, such as ※ mending wall167。, ※ picking apples167。. （ 2） He writes most often about landscape and people 每 the loneliness and poverty of isolated farmers, beauty, terror and tragedy in nature. He also describes some abnormal people, . ※ deceptively simple167。, ※ philosophical poet167。. （ 3） Although he was popular during 1920s, he didn＊ t experiment like other modern poets. He used conventional forms, plain language, traditional metre, and wrote in a pastured tradition. IX. e. e. cummings ※ a juggler with syntax, grammar and diction167。 每 individualism, ※ painter poet167。 Novels in the 1920s I. F. Scott Fitzgerald 每 participant in 1920s （ 1） This Side of Paradise （ 2） Flappers and Philosophers （ 3） The Beautiful and the Damned （ 4） The Great Gatsby （ 5） Tender is the Night （ 6） All the Sad Young Man （ 7） The Last Tycoon of view （ 1） He expressed what the young people believed in the 1920s, the socalled ※ American Dream167。 is false in nature. （ 2） He had always been critical of the rich and tried to show the integrating effects of money on the emotional makeup of his character. He found that wealth altered people＊ s characters, making them mean and distrusted. He thinks money brought only tragedy and remorse. （ 3） His novels follow a pattern: dream 每 lack of attraction 每 failure and despair. ideas of ※ American Dream167。 It is false to most young people. Only those who were dishonest could bee rich. Fitzgerald was one of the great stylists in American literature. His prose is smooth, sensitive, and pletely original in