【正文】 ”(早期最好的作品) 《美國人》 《黛西米勒》 《一個(gè)貴婦人的畫像》 Last fulllength novel ==“The Wings of the Dove”、“The Ambassadors”、“The Golden Bowl”晚期，長篇小說 《鴿翼》 《大使》 《金碗》 ⑦The name of the heroine “in the Portrait of a Lady” is Isabel Acher. The novel is representative of the best of James’ mature work. The plot concerns the courtship, marriage, and development of the character of Isabel Archer, a young American girl who has been left penniless by the death of her father. The intricate novel of psychological and moral interrelationships is in one sense another treatment of the Jamesian theme of the American in conflict with European culture and in another sense the most personal of his novels, an intimate picture of a woman’s soul presented with masterly psychological finesse.Jack London 杰克倫敦 ①代表作：“The People of the Abyss”《深淵中的人們》、“The Call of the Wild”《荒野的呼喚》、“The Sea Wolf”《海狼》、“Martin Eden”《馬丁伊登》(autobiographical novel自傳體小說) ②while embracing the socialism of Marx, London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel.Theodore Dreiser 西奧多德萊塞①代表作：“Sister Carrie”《嘉莉妹妹》 the first novel, which traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G. W. 米貝的發(fā)跡和G. 。 “Jannie Gerhardt”《珍妮姑娘》，《嘉莉妹妹》的姐妹篇“The Financier”《金融家》、“The Titan”《巨人》、“The Stoic”《斯多葛》Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲 ②“An American Tragedy”《美國悲劇》，The identification of potency with money is at the heart of Dreiser’s greatest and most successful novel,德萊塞最恢宏、最成功的小說，表達(dá)了金錢萬能的主題。五、20世紀(jì)文學(xué)(Twentiethcentury Literature）一、Background ① World War I 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)，America have great profit. ② Jump in technology (automobile / radio) 科技方面的跳躍 （汽車/收音機(jī)） ③ old moral code breaks 舊道德體系破碎Imagism 意象派：is a poetic movement of England and the United States, flourished from 19091917. Its credo, expressed in Some Imagist Poets, included the use of the language of mon speech, project matter, the evocation of images in hard, clear poetry, and concentration.Lost Generation：迷惘的一代，Writers of the first postwar era selfconsciously acknowledged that they were a “Lost Generation,” devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization. It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles. It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semipoverty. It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world.Modernism現(xiàn)代主義：is loosely a synonym of anything contemporary. Strictly, especially in literary criticism, which began in the late 19th century and the theory of psychoanalysis as its theoretical base. They pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one.現(xiàn)代主義的標(biāo)志：T. S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land”, the most significant American poem of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.典型的迷惘一代：F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Great Gatsby” 《了不起的蓋茨比》 novelErnest Hemingway “The Sun Also Rises”《太陽照樣升起》 “A Farwell to Arms”《告別了，武器》William Faulkner “The Sound and the Fury” 《喧囂與騷動(dòng)》Playwrights戲劇、劇作家：Eugene O’Neill(諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)) “The Emperor Jones”《瓊斯皇帝》、“Anna Christie”《》、“The Hairy Ape”《毛猿》The Jazz Age(享樂時(shí)代)：when New Orleans musicians moved “up the river” to Chicago, and the theatre of New York’s Harlem pulsed with the music that had bee a symbol of the times. Fitzgerald portrays the Jazz Age as a generation of “the beautiful and damned”, drowning in their pleasures.二、代表作家：Ezra Pound 埃茲拉龐德 詩人 ①Imagism 意象派的代表人物。Pound and Eliot became the early leaders in restoring to poetry the use of literary reference as an imaginative instrument. 龐德和愛略特都是運(yùn)用意象主義作為文學(xué)表現(xiàn)手法的早期詩人。 ②major work of poetry is the long poem called “The Cantos”《詩章》 ?Robert Frost 羅伯特弗洛斯特 自然主義詩人 poet ①詩歌特點(diǎn)和內(nèi)容：(1)rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, choosing instead “the oldfashioned way to be new.” He employed the plain speech of rural New Englanders and preferred the short, traditional forms of lyric and narrative. (2)He saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol. (3)His concern with nature reflected deep moral uncertainties, and his poetry, for all its apparent simplicity, often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe where men stand alone, unaided and perplexed. ②he bee a national bard美國民族詩人的翹首, win four Pulitzer Prizes獲得了四次普利茲獎(jiǎng). ③“The Road Not Taken”、“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”向往大自然，想逃避社會(huì)；死亡、迷惑 Wallace Stevens 華萊士斯蒂文斯 詩人①His work is primarily motivated by the belief that “ideas of order,” that is ,true ideas, correspond with an innate order in nature and universe, and that it is the high privilege of individuals and mankind to discover this correspondence. 作品動(dòng)機(jī)起源于秩序理念，他的秩序就是真理，就是自然與宇宙天然一致的次序，是人類與個(gè)體發(fā)現(xiàn)這種一致性的特權(quán)。②代表作：“The Man with the Blue Guitar”《帶藍(lán)吉他的人》； “Necessary Angel”《必要的天使》，collection of his occasional lectures on poetry詩歌的評(píng)論. “Anecdote of the Jar”《壇子的軼事》jar – man made – art, wildness – nature, jar bring order/meaning to the nature, 藝術(shù)到自然的秩序， integrated 統(tǒng)一體③特點(diǎn)：(1)he adopted a variety of experimental styles, created poetic surfaces of Frenchified elegance, exotic imagery, odd sounds, curious analogies, and inscrutable 。 (2)he confronted the contemporary abandonment of traditional values and sought to e to terms with the confusions of his time. The problem of the interrelation between the ideal and the real became a constant theme in his later 。