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【正文】 1) Worksa. The Rise of Silas Laphamb. A Chance Acquaintancec. A Modern Instance(2) Features of His Worksa. Optimistic toneb. Moral development/ethicsc. Lacking of psychological depth2. Henry James(1) Literary career: three stagesa. 1865~1882: international themel The Americanl Daisy Millerl The Portrait of a Ladyb. 1882~1895: interpersonal relationships and some playsl Daisy Miller (play)c. 1895~1900: novellas and tales dealing with childhood and adolescence, then back to international themel The Turn of the Screwl When Maisie Knewl The Ambassadorsl The Wings of the Dovel The Golden Bowl(2) Aesthetic ideasa. The aim of novel: represent lifeb. Common, even ugly side of lifec. Social function of artd. Avoiding omniscient point of view(3) Point of viewa. Psychological analysis, forefather of stream of consciousnessb. Psychological realismc. Highlyrefined language(4) Style – “stylist”a. Language: highlyrefined, polished, insightful, accurateb. Vocabulary: largec. Construction: plicated, intricate3. Mark Twain (see next section)Local Colorism1860s, 1870s~1890sI. Appearance1. uneven development in economy in America2. culture: flourishing of frontier literature, humourists3. magazines appeared to let writer publish their worksII. Mark Twain – Mississippi1. works(1) The Gilded Age(2) “the two advantages”(3) Life on the Mississippi(4) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court(5) The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug2. style(1) colloquial language, vernacular language, dialects(2) local colour(3) syntactic feature: sentences are simple, brief, sometimes ungrammatical(4) humour(5) tall tales (highly exaggerated)(6) social criticism (satire on the different ugly things in society)III. Comparison of the three “giants” of American Realism1. ThemeHowells – middle classJames – upper classTwain – lower class2. TechniqueHowells – smiling/genteel realismJames – psychological realismTwain – local colourism and colloquialismChapter 4 American NaturalismI. Theodore Dreiser1. works(1) Sister Carrie(2) The trilogy: Financier, The Titan, The Stoic(3) Jennie Gerhardt(4) American Tragedy(5) The Genius2. point of view(1) He embraced social Darwinism – survival of the fittest. He learned to regard man as merely an animal driven by greed and lust in a struggle for existence in which only the “fittest”, the most ruthless, survive.(2) Life is predatory, a “game” of the lecherous and heartless, a jungle struggle in which man, being “a waif and an interloper in Nature”, a “wisp in the wind of social forces”, is a mere pawn in the general scheme of things, with no power whatever to assert his will.(3) No one is ethically free。 everything is determined by a plex of internal chemisms and by the forces of social pressure.3. Sister Carrie(1) Plot(2) Analysis4. Style(1) Without good structure(2) Deficient characterization(3) Lack in imagination(4) Journalistic method(5) Techniques in painting 8
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