【正文】 air waybill does not represent the ownership of goods. The air waybill is not a negotiable document and the shipper does not lose ownership of the goods after handing it over to the airline. The exporter only has to present his copy of the air waybill to the airline to exercise his “right of disposal” to the goods. The air waybill must be filled either by the shipper himself, the air cargo agent or the airline, and bees a valid document when both the shipper and the airline representative have signed it.1. A bill of lading is more plicated than an air waybill. A. True B. False2. The air waybill has the same format all over the world. A. True B. False3. If you have an air waybill, it doesn’t mean you own the goods. A. True B. False4. If the shipper hands over the air waybill to the airline, the goods will belong to the airline. A. True B. False5. The export must show the original air waybill before he can dispose of the goods. A. True B. False短文理解 9The confirmed L/C should be an irrevocable L/C confirmed by another bank specified by the opening bank.The bank that authorized or requested by the opening bank to confirm the L/C is called the confirming bank（保兌行）. Once an L/C is confirmed, there are two banks to be responsible for payment of the purchased product—the opening bank and confirming bank. The confirmation constitutes a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to the opening bank, that as long as the documents presented by the seller are in accordance with the stipulation of the L/C, the confirming bank shall be responsible for negotiation, acceptance or payment. This type of mercial credit is most preferred by the exporter, because the bank guarantees that it will honor the exporter’s drafts as long as they are drawn and presented in conformity with the terms of the letter of credit.The nature of the credit being irrevocable and confirmed rest on the fact that the credit cannot be amended within its term of validity without the consent of the beneficiary, and that the advising or correspondent (代理行) undertakes the responsibility to honor the drafts or the exporter.This type of letter of credit is useful when doing business with developing countries, or when just starting a relationship with another pany as a way of mitigating risk.1. The confirmed L/C is irrevocable and confirmed. A. True B. False2. Once an L/C is confirmed, the opening bank and confirming bank are to be responsible for payment of the purchased product. A. True B. False3. The confirming bank is only responsible for payment to the seller. A. True B. False4. The credit cannot be amended within its term of validity without the permission of the beneficiary. A. True B. False5. The opening bank undertakes the responsibility to honor the draft to the exporter. A. True B. False短文理解 10A bill of lading (B/L) is used for sea shipment and is a certificate of ownership of goods. It must be presented at the port of final destination by the importer in order to claim goods. As a document of title, the bill of lading is also a negotiable document and you may sell the goods by endorsing or handing the bill of lading over to another authorized party, even while the goods are still at sea. Although negotiable bills of lading are monly used, in some countries, they are still unacceptable. You have to be sure that a negotiable B/L is accepted in your country. Otherwise, a nonnegotiable B/L is issued.The B/L is a formal, signed receipt for a specific number of packed cargoes, which are given to the export agent by the carrier when it receives the consignment. If the cargo is in apparently good condition and properly packed when the carrier receives them, the bill of lading, is marked as “clean”. The carrier thus accepts full liability for the cargo described in the bill.1. A bill of lading can indicate the ownership of cargoes. A. True B. False2. The bill of lading can not be handed over to another authorized party when the cargo is in transportation. A. True B. False3. Negotiable bills of lading can be used in all the countries around the world. A. True B. False4. If the cargo is damaged, the bill of lading will not be marked as “clean”. A. True B. False5. The carrier will take full responsibility for the cargo if the B/L is marked as “clean”. A. True B. False三、詞語(yǔ)匹配。1. logistics 物流 2. operation 操作 3. transport 運(yùn)輸4. distribution配送 5. inventory 庫(kù)存 6. cost 成本 7. production生產(chǎn)8. storage儲(chǔ)存9. requirement 要求10. terminal集裝箱碼頭11. freight 運(yùn)費(fèi)12. assembly 組配13. consignee 收貨人14. consignor 發(fā)貨人15. carrier承運(yùn)人16. shipper托運(yùn)人17. supplier供應(yīng)商 18. wholesaler 批發(fā)商19. retailer 零售商20. distributor 分銷商21. resource 資源22. classification分類23. forecasting預(yù)測(cè)24. purchasing采購(gòu)25. loading 裝載26. unloading 卸貨27. warehousing倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)28. packaging 包裝 29. handling 搬運(yùn) 30. import 進(jìn)口31. export出口32. containerization集裝箱化33. arrangement安排34. function功能35. delivery交付36. implement 實(shí)施37. supply 供應(yīng)38. plete 完成39. control 控制40. support 支持四、選詞填空。1. Since materials handling tends to add costs rather than value to logistics systems, managers tends to minimize the number of handling whenever possible. 22. An open exchange of information can result in faster order placement, quicker delivery, and greater accountability throughout the logistics process. 23. Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from one point to another point. It involves selection of the transport mode, routing of the shipment, pliance with regulation in the region of the country and selection of carriers. 24. Procurement refers to the raw materials, ponent parts an