【正文】 和深刻的感情。在當(dāng)前，行政人員應(yīng)樹(shù)立的最基本的信念就是“立黨為公、執(zhí)政為民”，這是馬克思主義政黨理論與文化信念理論相結(jié)合的必然要求。如何理解獨(dú)立人格生成中制度的作用？答案要點(diǎn)：（1）制度的必要性。制度根源于人類對(duì)社會(huì)秩序的要求，歷史選擇了政府成為社會(huì)秩序的供給者，并且通過(guò)其組成人員來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。為保證行政人員高效率、高質(zhì)量地提供社會(huì)秩序，政府主要通過(guò)法律制度來(lái)達(dá)到這一目的。（2）制度保證的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。隨著后工業(yè)社會(huì)的到來(lái)，德治成為政府制度建設(shè)的方向，實(shí)現(xiàn)德治的途徑就是制度的道德化和道德的制度化。（3）制度的道德化與道德的制度化是政府實(shí)施德治的兩個(gè)方面，二者相互聯(lián)系、相互影響、相互滲透、相互作用，共同保證獨(dú)立人格的真正生成。第九章為什么說(shuō)行政倫理規(guī)范是主客觀的統(tǒng)一？答案要點(diǎn)：（1）行政倫理規(guī)范是主觀性與客觀性的統(tǒng)一。行政倫理規(guī)范體現(xiàn)了人類對(duì)行政倫理關(guān)系的自覺(jué)認(rèn)識(shí)和自覺(jué)規(guī)范，體現(xiàn)了人類的主體性、創(chuàng)造性。行政倫理規(guī)范又是專門規(guī)范行政人員及其行政行為的規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以對(duì)行政人員及其行為具有客觀的制約性，它以普遍性的社會(huì)形式實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)行政人員個(gè)體任意行為的理性制約。（2）行政倫理規(guī)范在內(nèi)容上客觀的，它不以人們的主觀意志為轉(zhuǎn)移。行政倫理根植于行政管理過(guò)程中的倫理關(guān)系，是反映行政管理職業(yè)倫理關(guān)系及其客觀要求的行為規(guī)范。（3）行政倫理規(guī)范在形式上是主觀的。行政倫理規(guī)范作為客觀的社會(huì)關(guān)系的反映形式，作為客觀的行政倫理關(guān)系和行政道德要求的反映形式，是行政人員及行政體系各部門對(duì)行政倫理關(guān)系主觀認(rèn)識(shí)的結(jié)果，它必然包含著行政人員作為道德主體的抽象、概括、判斷等思維活動(dòng)，并以行政倫理概念、行政倫理范疇、行政倫理判斷等主觀形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段的行政倫理規(guī)范關(guān)于廉潔奉公的內(nèi)容有哪些？答案要點(diǎn)：（1）廉潔奉公是行政人員必備的最基本的行政道德，是行政人員行為的道德底線，這里廉潔和奉公互為前提，二者有機(jī)統(tǒng)一于行政人員的具體行為之中，它是同一問(wèn)題的兩個(gè)方面。要做到廉潔，必須奉公，做到了廉潔，也就做到了奉公，反之亦然。（2）廉潔的具體內(nèi)容：第一，不貪；第二，不占；第三，不奢。（3）奉公的具體規(guī)定可歸納為：第一，忠于黨；第二，忠于國(guó)家；第三，以人民利益為根本；第四，服從全局；第五，團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作；第六，公正嚴(yán)明，一心為公。第十章結(jié)合實(shí)際，論述你對(duì)我國(guó)當(dāng)前政府信任關(guān)系的評(píng)價(jià)及其對(duì)策。答題要點(diǎn)：（1）我國(guó)當(dāng)前政府信任關(guān)系評(píng)價(jià)。主要結(jié)合實(shí)際說(shuō)明：我國(guó)目前正處于轉(zhuǎn)軌變型的特定歷史時(shí)期，政府的社會(huì)管理和社會(huì)服務(wù)的水平、質(zhì)量和意識(shí)與社會(huì)和公眾的價(jià)值期待存在著一定的差距，導(dǎo)致政府的合法性基礎(chǔ)在一定程度上受到了挑戰(zhàn)，并影響到現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的質(zhì)量和速度。（2）引發(fā)公眾對(duì)政府信任度下降的原因。主要有五個(gè)方面：第一，行政人治色彩濃重；第二，行政權(quán)力缺乏制約；第三，政府行政效能與社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展要求之間存在一定差距；第四，行政機(jī)關(guān)和行政人員固守舊的行為習(xí)慣；第五，公共行政缺乏績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)體系，責(zé)任機(jī)制薄弱。而行政道德的匱乏是引發(fā)政府信任危機(jī)的直接原因。（3）我國(guó)當(dāng)前政府信任關(guān)系對(duì)策。主要說(shuō)明：解決信任危機(jī)問(wèn)題或重塑信任關(guān)系是各級(jí)政府的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。要從根本上克服信任危機(jī)現(xiàn)象并建立起普遍的信任關(guān)系，一方面需要社會(huì)成員個(gè)體道德素質(zhì)的提高，另一方面，是要確立起一種能為社會(huì)成員普遍信任的制度性安排與制度性承諾。政府信任關(guān)系作為普遍信任關(guān)系中的重要部分，對(duì)于普遍信任關(guān)系的建立起著率先垂范的作用。而在更廣泛的意義上說(shuō)，社會(huì)制度性安排和制度性承諾也是政府責(zé)無(wú)旁貸的職責(zé)。請(qǐng)結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的事例說(shuō)明你對(duì)政府信任關(guān)系建構(gòu)原則的理解。（1）政府信任關(guān)系建構(gòu)的原則。包括四個(gè)方面：第一，利益一致性原則。利益一致是建立和維持政府信任關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)和前提；第二，客觀求實(shí)原則。政府信任關(guān)系的建構(gòu)活動(dòng)必須是建立在對(duì)事實(shí)真實(shí)把握的基礎(chǔ)上，在組織決策和公眾間如實(shí)傳遞有關(guān)信息，并根據(jù)客觀真實(shí)的變化不斷調(diào)整自身的政策和行為；第三，公開(kāi)性原則。公開(kāi)性原則要求增加政府工作的透明度；第四，整體性原則。整體性原則是各級(jí)政府、政府各部門在權(quán)力運(yùn)行中為了政府的整體效應(yīng)而必須遵循的彼此配合協(xié)調(diào)的原則。（2）結(jié)合實(shí)際說(shuō)明政府信任關(guān)系建構(gòu)原則的意義。主要說(shuō)明：上述原則是指導(dǎo)整個(gè)社會(huì)信任關(guān)系建構(gòu)的思想基礎(chǔ)和行為準(zhǔn)則，根據(jù)正確的原則去建構(gòu)政府信任關(guān)系，對(duì)于樹(shù)立政府的良好形象，保證政府與公眾之間利益一致基礎(chǔ)上相互信任、合作的良性循環(huán)至關(guān)重要。同其他社會(huì)組織一樣，行政組織的生存和發(fā)展也取決于自身的組織目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，取決于其目標(biāo)系統(tǒng)能否以社會(huì)公眾公認(rèn)的進(jìn)步的道德為準(zhǔn)繩，并能夠有效調(diào)節(jié)和平衡與公眾之間的利益關(guān)系。試論社會(huì)輿論在行政道德評(píng)價(jià)中的重要作用。答案要點(diǎn)：輿論監(jiān)督是行政倫理監(jiān)督的一種重要形式，社會(huì)及輿論監(jiān)督的方式多種多樣，主要有以下幾種：第一，直接向各級(jí)行政機(jī)關(guān)提出詢問(wèn)、要求、批評(píng)和建議。社會(huì)各界、各人民團(tuán)體、群眾組織、企事業(yè)單位、公民個(gè)人有權(quán)通過(guò)一定的程序就行政管理活動(dòng)中有關(guān)問(wèn)題向有關(guān)行政機(jī)關(guān)提出詢問(wèn)，并發(fā)表自己的看法、建議和批評(píng)。有關(guān)行政機(jī)關(guān)要認(rèn)真聽(tīng)取，給予答復(fù)，不得借故推諉、回避。這是提高政府行政透明度的一項(xiàng)具體措施，也是調(diào)動(dòng)社會(huì)各界參政議政的積極性的有效途徑。第二，申訴、控告和檢舉國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員的違法、違紀(jì)、倫理道德失范行為。申訴、控告和檢舉是人民群眾監(jiān)督國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員的有效方式，是憲法賦予每個(gè)公民的基本權(quán)利。通過(guò)這種強(qiáng)有力的監(jiān)督，對(duì)于督促國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)提高行政效率、克服官僚主義具有重要意義。第三，通過(guò)報(bào)紙、刊物、廣播、電視等新聞媒介揭露問(wèn)題，形成強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)輿論監(jiān)督力量。利用新聞媒介傳播的信息量大、速度快、范圍廣等特點(diǎn)，可以推動(dòng)社會(huì)各界、各人民團(tuán)體、群眾組織、企事業(yè)單位、公民個(gè)人對(duì)國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員實(shí)施有效的倫理監(jiān)督，有利于形成廣泛的社會(huì)影響和巨大的社會(huì)沖擊力。通過(guò)社會(huì)輿論的宣傳、“曝光”等形式，可以充分弘揚(yáng)正氣，揭露腐敗、瀆職等行政道德失范行為，從而較好地協(xié)助國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)照自身檢查問(wèn)題，可以對(duì)行政人員當(dāng)中有可能做出錯(cuò)誤行政行為選擇的人形成一種強(qiáng)大的威懾力量，有效地制約行政權(quán)力濫用。請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?！【China39。s 10 mustsee animations】The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 mustsee classics from China39。s animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Let39。s recall these colorful images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫蘆娃) is a Chinese animation TV series produced byShanghaiAnimationFilmStudio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed state pared to the rest of the international munity. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of papercut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑貓警長(zhǎng)) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2006, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series39。 violence, and lack of suitability for children39。s education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir andteacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The hero39。s real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of passion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克與貝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和貝塔) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice who don39。t want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they cofounded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very pact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book, (Chinese: 天書(shū)奇談)also referred to as Legend of the Sealed Book or Tales about the Heavenly Book, was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid bination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature Ping Yao Zhuan, meaning The Suppression of the Demons by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the book39。s contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by the jade emperor for breaking heaven39。s law. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinesepainting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowd