【正文】 為真實(shí)和非真實(shí)條件句，非真實(shí)條件句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果要表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反時(shí)，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：句 型條件從句主 句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞一律用were)would+動(dòng)詞原形 即：(從句)if +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be 動(dòng)詞用were), 一般過(guò)去時(shí)(主句) 主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 如：If I had time, I would go for a ，我就會(huì)去散步。(事實(shí)上我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的話，我會(huì)帶上雨傘。(事實(shí)上我不是你)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人請(qǐng)我當(dāng)電影演員，我會(huì)表示拒絕。(事實(shí)上瑞沒(méi)有人請(qǐng)我當(dāng)電影演員)2. pretend to do sth. 假裝做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend to be doing sth. 假裝正在干某事 The students pretended to be writing when the teacher came in. pretend +從句 假裝… I pretended that I fell asleep. 3. be late for 遲到 如： I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.4. a few 與 a little 的區(qū)別，few 與 little 的區(qū)別 ⑴ a few 一些 修飾可數(shù)名詞 a little 一些 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 兩者表肯定意義 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 ⑵ few 少數(shù)的 修飾可數(shù)名詞 little 少數(shù)的　修飾不可數(shù)名詞 但兩者表否定意義 如：He has few friends. 他沒(méi)有幾個(gè)朋友。 There is little sugar in the 。5. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十億)詞前面有數(shù)詞或several 一詞時(shí)要不能加s ，反之，則要加s 并與of 連用， 表示數(shù)量很多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 幾百/千/百萬(wàn)/十億人 hundreds of trees 上百棵樹(shù)8. what if + 從句 如果…怎么辦 ， 要是… 又怎么樣 如： What if she doesn’t e? 要是她不來(lái)怎么辦？ What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么辦？9. add sth. to sth. 添加…到… 如： I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。10. 系動(dòng)詞與形容詞連用 get nervous 變得緊張 feel shy 覺(jué)得害羞 look friendly 看起來(lái)友好11. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能 如： I’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。12. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem. help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他們幫助你放松13. in public 在公共場(chǎng)所 如: Don’t smoke in public. 請(qǐng)不要在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。14. energetic adj. 活力的 如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一個(gè)活力的女孩。 energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。15. ask sb. to do 叫…做某事 ask sb. not to do …不要做某事 tell sb. to do 告訴…做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告訴…不要做某事如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.16. start doing == start to do. 開(kāi)始做某事 如： He started speaking/ to speak. 他開(kāi)始說(shuō)話。17. borrow sth. from sb. 從某人那里借來(lái)某物 如： I borrowed a book from Lily. for 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。19. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介紹給某人 如： I introduced Lily to Anna. 20. invite sb. to do 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 如： Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 21. have dinner/ supper 吃晚飯have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐22. plenty of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞 許多 如： They have plenty of food/ apples. 他們有許多的食物/蘋(píng)果。23. 給某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to me give sb. sth. give me an apple 給我一個(gè)蘋(píng)果24. get along (with)=get on (with) ①進(jìn)行，進(jìn)展The business is getting along very well. 生意進(jìn)展的很順利。 How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展的怎么樣了？②相處 Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得來(lái)嗎？I’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同學(xué)們相處得很好。25. would rather … than … （= would … rather than）寧愿，而不愿。前后連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形，否定形式為：would rather not do sth①would rather … than … = prefer … to …但prefer … to … 若連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為ving 形式。He would rather jog than play football. =He prefers jogging to playing football. ②would rather 常單獨(dú)使用，表示“寧愿做…”He would rather watch TV at home.③rather than = instead of 而不是（連接兩個(gè)并列成分，前后對(duì)稱(chēng)）。I’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter. I decided to write rather than telephone. I like going out with you rather than with him. She enjoys listening rather than speaking.25. in fact 事實(shí)上26. let sb. down 讓某人失望 如： Don’t let your mother down. 不要讓你的媽媽失望。27. e up with sth. 提出 想出 如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一個(gè)好主意。 catch up with sb. 追上 趕上 如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉趕上了安娜。28. have experience doing 在做某事有經(jīng)驗(yàn) 如： I have experience teaching Chinese. 29. e out 出版，出來(lái) 如：The magazine es out once a week. 30. by accident 偶然地，無(wú)意之中 如：Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上個(gè)星期我不小心割到自己的手指。31. hurry to do 匆忙… I hurry to call the police. 32. more than=over 超過(guò)34. offer 提供 offer sb sth 給…… offer to sb sth 主動(dòng)提出干……35. ①give sb sth=give sth to sb 類(lèi)似的詞還有:pass、lend、show、write、send等②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb 類(lèi)似的詞還有:make、draw、cook等 for尋找find找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)find out指經(jīng)過(guò)觀察、探索、調(diào)查等弄清楚、弄明白。discover 指發(fā)現(xiàn)那些客觀存在而不為人所知的實(shí)情。如科學(xué)上的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。 帶來(lái) take 帶走 fetch 去并拿來(lái) to/with sb 同說(shuō)話。tell 告訴, 分辨，辨別。 speak to sb 同說(shuō)話，做及物動(dòng)詞，后跟語(yǔ)言。say 后跟名詞、代詞及賓語(yǔ)從句做賓語(yǔ)，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容。 if …… 如果……將會(huì)怎么樣？（引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句、疑問(wèn)句）What if she doesn’t e? 她要是不來(lái)怎么辦？ What if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么辦？What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么辦？ does/do look like? 問(wèn)相貌。 What’s like? 問(wèn)“品質(zhì)性格”。 a speech 做演講 have a speech聽(tīng)演講 give a report 做報(bào)告 have a report 聽(tīng)報(bào)告 (n.) 允許，許可 permit (v.) 允許 without permission 未經(jīng)許可 of 充足的，相當(dāng)多的。修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑問(wèn)句中用 enough.……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不 little = a bit 修飾形容詞、副詞 a little = a bit of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 rest 其余的，可指代可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。The other(s) 只能指代可數(shù)名詞賓語(yǔ)從句 ：賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)。 由連接詞+ 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)　構(gòu)成 　常由下面的一些詞引導(dǎo)： ㈠由that 引導(dǎo) 表示陳述意義 that 可省略 He says (that) he is at home. 他說(shuō)他在家里。 ㈡由if , whether 引導(dǎo) 表示 一般疑問(wèn)意義(帶有是否、已否、對(duì)否等) I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韋華是否喜歡魚(yú)。 ㈢由 連接代詞、連接副詞(疑問(wèn)詞) 引導(dǎo) 表示特殊疑問(wèn)意義 Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要買(mǎi)什么嗎？ ㈣從句時(shí)態(tài)要與主句一致 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài) He says (that ) he is at home. 他說(shuō)他在家里。 I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已經(jīng)完成了我的作業(yè)。 Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他將會(huì)什么時(shí)候回來(lái)？ 當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句應(yīng)使用過(guò)去某時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)) He said (that) he was at home. 他說(shuō)他在家里。 I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他將會(huì)什么時(shí)候回來(lái)？二、短語(yǔ)give it to charity 把它捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu) medical research 醫(yī)學(xué)研究What if …… 如果…怎么樣？ get nervous 緊張take a big e