【正文】 herefore, the more opportunities for us to explore alternative ways of being in the world, and different ways of achieving richness of character. 社區(qū)并非只有一個模式，也不存在某一理想的社區(qū)模式。每個社區(qū)都是其組成人民的獨特的聯(lián)合。許多成立的好社區(qū)豐富了人類存在的形式和結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，建立越多社區(qū)，我們就會有更多機會來探索在世上生存的可能方式，同時也能探索使自己個性豐滿的不同方式。第八章The Economic Perspective for the People’s Republic of China中國經(jīng)濟前景With a strong performance in the trade sector after World Trade Organization accession, record inflow of foreign direct investment, and large fixed investment, the country continued its rapid economic expansion in 2002, recording one of its fastest rates in 5 years. Strong economic performance is expected to continue, though growth will slow slightly in 20032004. however, many challenges remain, including slow growth in rural ines, the need to create jobs and an enabling environment for the private sector, growing disparities between the coastal and interior provinces, and financial sector ，創(chuàng)紀錄的外國直接投資的流入，以及大量的固定資產(chǎn)投資，2002年，我國經(jīng)濟繼續(xù)高速擴張，創(chuàng)下5年來最快的速度。強勁的經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)可以期望繼續(xù)下去，盡管20032004年增長速度將會稍慢。然而同時，許多挑戰(zhàn)還存在，包括：農(nóng)村收入增長緩慢，增加就業(yè)的需求，私營企業(yè)的需要更寬松的環(huán)境，沿海與內(nèi)地省份的發(fā)展差距，以及金融部門的發(fā)展落后。1. Macroeconomic Assessment宏觀經(jīng)濟評估GDP growth in PRC accelerated to 8% in 2002 from % in 2001, moving higher than % average of the previous 5 years. This higher than expected figure resulted from exports performing better than anticipated, surging foreign direct investment (FDI), and buoyant domestic demand. Expansionary fiscal and monetary policies also played a %加速到2002年的8%，%的平均水平。比預計的數(shù)字快是由于出口表現(xiàn)好于預期，外國直接投資（FDI）的涌入，以及活躍的國內(nèi)需求。擴張性的財政與貨幣政策也扮演了角色。Industry (including construction) was the key engine of economic growth, with value added accelerating to % in 2002 from % in 2001. electronic equipment, transportation equipment, and chemical products all did well. A surge in FDI and export growth resulted in the value added of the foreignfunded enterprises increasing by %. supported mainly by growth in transportation, telemunications, and real estate, the services sector expanded by % in 2002 (though because of weaknesses in the statistical system, growth in this sector is probably underestimated). Despite a spring drought, agriculture sector performance improved slightly pared with the previous 2 years, Grain output, which dropped by % in 2001, rose by 1%.工業(yè)（包含建設）是經(jīng)濟增長的重要龍頭，%%。電子設備，交通運輸，化學產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的都很好。%。主要受交通運輸業(yè)，電訊業(yè)，房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的增長支持，%（由于統(tǒng)計方法的缺陷，這一部門的增長很可能被低估）。盡管受到春旱影響，農(nóng)業(yè)部門的表現(xiàn)比過去兩年稍有改善。%,改善了1%。A surge in fixed, asset investment, which grew by %, stimulated domestic demand. Private investment rose by % in the year, faster than in 2001. Across sectors, investment in real estate was particularly strong, registering a % increase in 2002, as housing reforms and more housing mortgage loans led to buoyant property market. Supported by the Government’s western region development strategy, investment in that region grew by , faster than in the central (20%) and eastern () %，刺激了國內(nèi)需求。%，快于2001年。跨越各行業(yè)之間，房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的投資尤其強勁，%的增長，因為住房改革和更多的住房抵押貸款帶動資產(chǎn)市場的上揚。受政府的西部大開發(fā)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的支持，%，快于中部的20%%。Domestic consumption strengthened by %. the steady growth in domestic spending was mainly driven by urban households, which spent 10% more than in the previous year. Rural residents spending registered a % increase, reflecting the continued widening of urbanrural ine disparities. Per capita urban disposable ine grew by % in real terms to exceed CNY7700 ($928), while per capita real rural cash ine increased by only % to reach CNY2476 ($298). The rapid increase in urban ines triggered a purchasing boom for private cars, telemunications equipment and houses grew by 69% and 39%, %。國內(nèi)消費的平穩(wěn)增長主要是由于城市居民家庭，他們比去年多支出了10%。%，反映了城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的擴大在繼續(xù)。%達到7700元，%達到2476元。城市居民收入的高速增長引發(fā)了對私人汽車、電信產(chǎn)品、住房的購買高潮。2002年，汽車進口增長了77%，通訊設備和住房分別增長了69%和39%。As economic restructuring continued, employment in the stateowned sector an urban collectives continued decreasing. The number of employees in the stateowned sector fell by million in 2001 and by the end of 2002 had fallen by a further million. Excluding smaller private and informal sector activities, employment in the nonstateowned sector increased by 3 million in 2002. Based on official statistics, which underestimate the problem, the urban registered unemployment rate rose from % in 2001 to 4% in 2002. If workers at stateowned enterprises (SOEs) who had not been reemployed were included, the adjusted unemployment rate would have been more than 7%. The development of an urban social safety net and reform of social security are needed to ameliorate the social costs of the economic reform ，國有制部門和城市集體制部門的就業(yè)繼續(xù)下降。國有部門雇員2001年減少了460萬人，到2002年底之前又多減少了480萬人。排除掉更小的私人或非正式的部門活動，2002年非國有部門的雇員增長了300萬人。根據(jù)官方的統(tǒng)計，%增長到4%，它有可能低估了問題。如果將國有企業(yè)的下崗工人包含在內(nèi)，調(diào)整后的失業(yè)率將會超過7%。改善經(jīng)濟改革問題的社會成本，需要發(fā)展城市社會保障和改革社會保險。 Developments政策發(fā)展Fiscal policy has played a key role in stimulating the PRC’s economic growth over the past 5 years. Then Ministry of Finance estimated that four consecutive fiscal stimulus packages contributed , 2, , and percentage points to GDP growth in the years 19982001, respectively. The Government issued CNY150 billion in special bonds to finance the public deficit in 2002. these bonds were mainly used to finance public sector projects under construction, development projects in the western region, technological upgrading of key enterprises, projects to divert to divert water from the south to the north, and rural 。財政部估計在19982001年，,。2002年。這些公債主要用于資助在建的公共部門工程，西部地區(qū)的發(fā)展項目，重點企業(yè)的技術(shù)升級改造，南水北調(diào)工程，以及農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設施建設。To promote the development of an integrated national market and fair petition between enterprise in different regions, the Government changed the methodology of ine tax sharing between the central and local governments. From I January 2002, corporate ine tax revenues were no longer divided according to the jurisdiction of the enterprise. Except for several special industries, most of the corporate ine tax and all personal ine tax revenue were shared between the central and local authorities at a fixed ratio. The central Government used the ine tax incr