【正文】
in the Chinese version, the legal restriction and forceful execution is so obvious and clear. In this situation, the ellipsis of “應(yīng)該” on the contrary makes the expression of tone stronger.c. Should: As should is usually used to express a weak tone suppose, to provide some accidences or exceptions, it is monly translated as “萬一”,“如果” or “若”. It’s hardly translated as “應(yīng)該”.Eg21. Should all or part of the contract be unable to be fulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the breaching party shall bear the responsibilities thus caused. Should it be the fault of both parties, they shall bear their respective responsibilities according to actual situations.由于一方過失,造成合同不能履行或不能完全履行時,由過失一方承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。若屬雙方過失,則根據(jù)實際情況,由雙方分別承擔(dān)各自應(yīng)負(fù)的違約責(zé)任。 (車麗娟:2008:170)d. Will: As will is monly used in the condition that without legal force, only to express a statement of mitment, and it’s tone is weak, will is mostly translated as “將”.Eg21. If Party A insisted on its original quotation, Party B will have to cover its requirements elsewhere.如果甲方堅持原報價,乙方將只能從其他渠道購進(jìn)所需之貨物。 (車麗娟:2008:171)e. May not, shall not: As may not or shall not are used to express forbidden conducts, they are usually translated as “不得”,“不可”,“無權(quán)”.Eg22. … the Purchaser shall thereupon be deemed to have accepted the title of the Vendor and shall not be entitled to raise any requisition or objection in respect of any of the matters aforesaid.買主即被認(rèn)為已接受賣主的所有權(quán),并無權(quán)在上述任何問題方面提出任何要求或反對。 (李克興:2007:134) Translate Ancient Words Correctly Ancient words play an important role in English sales contracts. Usage of ancient words makes contracts formal, precise and concise. In the translation of ancient words, we need to care about these features of ancient words using, and try our best to translate them correctly and coherently. Following are some monly used ancient words and their meaning. Eg23. Hereafter—今后 Hereby—茲 Herein—此中,于此 Hereon—于是,關(guān)于這個 Hereinafter referred to as—下文稱 Thereafter—以下,在下文 Thereby—由此,在那方面 Aforementioned—上述的 Thereof—其中的 Whereas—鑒于 Whereby—由是,憑那個 Wherein—在其中 For and on behalf of—代表 Whereon—關(guān)于那,在其中 In witness whereof—特此為證 Hitherto—迄今 Forthwith—立即,毫不拖延 (車麗娟:2008:164)3. Sentences Translation of English Sales Contracts Under Contracts Impact Sentences form texts. For English sales contracts, it’s the same. In texts translation, sentences translation is a main and important task. However, sentences in English sales contracts are monly long and with different features, which make the sentences translation of English sales contracts a difficult task. In order to finish this task of sentences translation well, what should translators do, and which aspects should be paid attention to? Here, I’d like to discuss it from the following three aspects: 1. Syntactic features of English sales contracts. 2. Contexts impact on sentences of English sales contracts. 3. How to translate sentences of English sales contracts. Syntactic Features of English Sales Contracts In sentences of English sales contracts, clauses are monly seen, which is usually used to define, analyses, restrict or supplement the main clauses. The usage of clauses on the one hand implies the solemn style, the strict structure, and the clear logic of contracts, on the other hand avoids ambiguities and disputes owing to them so as to protect both parties’ legal rights. The syntactic features of English sales contracts can be expressed as the following six points: 1. Long sentences. 2. Conditional clauses. 3. Declarative sentences. 4. Passive sentences. 5. Parallel and paratactic sentences. 6. Parenthesizes. Long Sentences Taking a glance at a contract, we can easily notice there must be many long sentences. In order to define clearly each party’s rights and obligations, avoiding ambiguities and disputes, English sales contracts tend to adopt long sentences and clauses, which can make the description more precise and logical. A long sentence can express a rather plex idea, a clear description, or a logical argument. In English sales contracts, mostly, a term is expressed in a sentence. Sometimes a very long description is in fact in only one sentence, with several clauses, but the logic is clear. Eg24. Should the quality and specification of the goods not be in conformity with the Contract, or should the goods prove defective within the guarantee period as stipulated in Clause 14 for any reason, including latent defects or the use of unsuitable materials, the Buyer shall have arrange for a survey to be carried out by CCIB, and shall have right to lodge a claim against the Seller on the strength of the Survey Report. Conditional Sentences English sales contracts are signed mainly to stipulate the rights and obligations of both parties. But the performing of rights and executing of obligations is under certain conditions, which makes conditional sentences widely used in English sales contracts. Otherwise, during execution of obligations, some accidents like breachment, Force Majeure, or Negligence may occur and prevent the execution of obligations. The settlement of problems under these situations also needs special statements, which also makes conditional sentences necessary. There are several kinds of conditional sentences, most of the time, they are led by: if, in the event of / that, in case (of / that), should, provided (that), subject to, unless otherwise, etc. Eg25. Force Majeure: If the shipment of the contracted goods is prevented or delayed in whole or in part by reason of war, earthquake, flood, fire, storm, heavy snow or other causes of Force Majeure, the Sellers shall not be liable for nonshipment or late shipment of the goods or nonperformance of this contract. However, the Seller shall notify the Buyers by cable or telex and furnish the latter by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the China Council for the Promotion