【正文】 ammar，word choice，spelling，etc．,further polishing the language until it shines and adding the crowning touches to make it appealing to the reader． When all this is done, you can type the final manuscript． Of course，you can do the drafting and revising on your puter today， following the same procedures and conventions．VIII. Punctuating quotations correctly Generally，all direct quotations should be put in quotation marks，but the use of punctuation marks deserves special attention．It follows the following rules： 1. Put the ma and the period inside quotation marks (esp. Americanism)． For example： “The real marriage of Jude and Sue was,”as Lawrence said, “in the roses．” 2. Put the colon and the semicolon outside the quotation marks．For example： The dictionary gives a brief explanation of“postmodernism”：a style of building，decoration，art，etc．，which uses an unusual mixing of old and new forms．3. Put the question mark and the exclamation mark inside the quotation marks if it is part of the quoted matter：otherwise，put it outside．For example： “Should I prefer an animal pedigree?”the heroine asks herself．But what is this“animal pedigree”? She doesn’t really know．When Jude finally turns on her with the cry“Sue，Sue，you are not worth a man’s love !” he is passing judgment not only on her but also on something in himself．But: Stop crying “You are not worth a man’s love”! 4. Put single quotation marks around short quotations set within longer quotations enclosed in double quotation marks． For example： This is“our profound and powerful particle，in our‘undone’,‘unloved’， ‘unforgiven,’”which Mrs．Meynell once named in describing the genius of English speech：“the‘un’ that summons in order that it may banish, and keeps the living word present to hear sentence and denial, showing the word ‘unloved’ to be not less than archangel ruined” (Elliott，44)．IX. Providing extra information within parenthetical citations1. Give the volume number of a multivolume work．For example： Joseph Campbell elevates the human mind to an “ultimate mythogenetic zone—the creator and destroyer，the slave and yet the master, of all the gods”(Masks[The Masks of Gods，a 4volume work] 1:472)．2. Cite a work of coauthors，naming both authors if it is a work by two．And naming the first author followed by the abbreviation“et a1．”if it is a work by three or more．For example： (1)Modal verbs，followed by the infinitive．can express subjunctive meanings，yet because they do not do so by means of verb inflection，they can only be regarded as“subjunctive equivalent”(C．E．Echersley and J．M．Eckersley，227)． (2)Some grammarians call these forms“the present and past subjunctive, but think that “the use of these forms relates more to mood than to tense” (Quirk et a1．，1 55)．3. Use double reference when one source quotes another．For example： As an echo to Melville，Albert Schweitzer states that“the world is inexplicably mysterious and full of suffering”(qtd．in Baird．1 9)． Note：Your bibliography should list James Baird’S book instead of Schweitzer’s because you have consulted Baird，not Schweitzer．4. Supply more information than a mere page number．For example： (1)Horton (22，n． 3) suggests that Melville forced the symbolism．(n[note]) but Welston (199248，esp. 234) reaches an opposite conclusion． (2) And the“Song of the Rose”in Spenser’s The Faerie Queene (II．xii．75) is a masterpiece on this theme． Note：In the case of plays or long poems，capital Roman numerals stand for the act／book numbers，small Roman numerals stand for the scene／canto numbers，and Arabic numerals stand for the line numbers．X. Handling long quotation properly1. Long quotations of prose are set off by using a block indented 10 spaces．Don’t use quotation marks for a quotation of more than four lines．Use double space between your text and the quotation．Don’t indent the first line of the block．Put the parenthetical citation after the final punctuation mark．For example： Of Melbourne itself．where the most successful diggers repaired for their spree，the following is recorded：[barcounters were] washed down with expensive wines as a preliminary ceremony to ordering“free drinks for the crowd”，and with an imbecile idea of ostentation the poor fool has excited the plaudits of his followers by sweeping all the glasses off the counter with his whip to make the bill worth paying．(Turner，History of Colony of Victoria 1：372) But if more than one paragraph is quoted，each of the paragraphs following the first one is indented three extra spaces．For example： In 1842 Edward Curr Wrote：There is already a degree of nationality in Van Dieman’s [sic】land；people begin to talk of the good old times with which the old names are connected；and a governor might as well abolish the English language by proclamation，as the names which are associated with former days．We still talk of the Fat Doe River，Gallows Hill，Murderer’s Plains，and Hell’s Comers．These names were principally bestowed upon them by bush rangers and the hunters of the kangaroo，who in fact have been the discoverers of all the good districts in the island．(Ward，60)2. Short quotations of poetry should be incorporated into the text by setting off the material with quotation marks，separating the lines with a virgule(／) between single spaces．Put the parenthetical citation wherever suitable．For example： But in terms of the time，many did [read them]，particularly the litterateurs，and were started by a poetry filled with new feeling and meaning evoked by new sound and imagery．Who were these“EarthVisitors”，these“Strange riders…[who] came gusting down／Cloaked in dark furs，with faces grave and sweet,／And white as air”? And what did“those tumbling babes of heaven．／Plump cherubim with blown cheek’’or“those friends of Lao Tzu， those wise old men／Dozing a11 day in lemonsilken robes，／With tonnes of beaten jade spread knee