【正文】 wrong. 5)_He was knocked down by a bike, but it( ) was not serious. 6)_ read an interesting story in a magazine about sportsmen. (not a sentence at all) Conciseness(簡(jiǎn)潔性)A sentence should contain no unnecessary words. If the idea if fully expressed, the fewer words are used, the better. Use a pronoun instead of repeating a noun.Use a word instead of a phrase with the same meaning, and use a phrase instead of a clause with the same meaning.Do not repeat words or phrases, if possible, in a sentence or in one that follow.Do not use different words or phrases with similar meanings in the same sentence.Do not repeat the same idea in different sentences except for emphasis.Wordy sentences and redundant words can only make the meaning hazy and the main points inconspicuous. It is always necessary for us to reread what we have written and try to improve it by simplifying it and making it more concise.For example:1) My father has returned back from Beijing. 2) It is blue in colour. 3) In my opinion, I think you are right. 4) Mary is a quiet and careful woman. 5) Mr. Smith likes to drink all kinds of wine that are produced in France. (French wine) 6) The language lab is open to students not only from English Department but also from other department of the university. 7)My father is 65 years old, and he is a professor in Hunan University. He has a healthy body of his age. My father, a professor of 65 years old in Hunan University, enjoys the best of_ (用同位語(yǔ)改寫(xiě))Emphasis (有重點(diǎn)性)Placing: The end and the beginning , especially the end, of a sentence usually attract readers39。 attention, so important elements of a sentence should be put at these two places, especially the end. For example:1) The teacher nodded with satisfaction when he was listening to her. The teacher, while listening to her, kept nodding with satisfaction. 2) The plane circled around the airport for ten minutes and then disappeared in the clouds. After circling around the airport for ten minutes, the plane disappeared in the clouds. Climactic sequenceIn enumerating things or ideas, we should start from the least important and end with the most important, or in the climactic sequence.For example:He said he had lost interest in life, fame, position and money after that tragedy.He said after tragedy he had lost interest in money, position, fame, and even life.The use of verbs in the active voiceVerbs are generally more emphatic than nouns or any other part of speech.For example:The work was finished by them last night.They finished the work last night.But when the receiver of an action is more important than the doer, the passive voice is preferable.When she got off the bus, lots of people weled her warmly.When she got (getting) off the bus, she was warmly weled by lots of people.Subordination(使用從屬結(jié)構(gòu))Subordinating a part of a sentence is a way of giving emphasis to the main part / idea of the sentence. For example:A plane is wheeling over the city.A plane is wheeling over the city, producing a big noise that surprised the inhabitants.Repeating important wordsRepetition as a rule should be avoided, but occasionally important words can be repeated for the sake of emphasis:For example:1) He speaks German well. His written German is also good.He speaks German well。 he also writes German well.2) The Government praises itself in every possible way, but the Opposition says ugly things about it whenever possible.The Government praises itself in every possible way (whenever possible), but the Opposition says ugly things about it in every possible way (whenever possible).Negativepositive statementsWhen a negative statement is followed by a positive one, the meaning is emphasized by the contrast.For example:1)She does not care too much about prices。 she thinks the quality of things is more important.She does not care too much about prices。 she cares much about the quality.2) These children are busy playing with toys. They have little time for studies.Busy playing with toys, these children have little time for studies.Rhetorical questionsRhetorical questions are questions in form but emphatic statements in meaning. They are not asked to be answered.For example:Didn39。t I tell you not to be late What are you talking about Nonsense.Is that what you are going to give me Variety (多樣性)It is often good to vary sentence structures and mix short long, simple and pound or plex, loose and periodic sentences, so long as the meaning is properly expressed. A series of sentences of the same structure and length with the same noun or pronoun as the subjects produce monotony.For example:1)She hurried down to the bank, withdrew all her savings, and gave them to her old mother.Hurrying down to the bank, she withdrew all her savings and gave them to her old mother.2)When they saw the curtain go up, the audience gasped in surprise and started applauding loudly.Seeing the curtain go up, the audience gasped in surprise and started applauding loudly.Or: The audience saw the curtain go up, gasped in surprise, and started applauding loudly.186 / 18