【正文】 n ourselves. teach oneself sth. 自學(xué)... eg. Lenin taught himself English when he was in Siberia. seat oneself = be seated eg. He seated himself at the back of the room. devote oneself to = be devoted to 獻身于二、指示代詞1．this, these經(jīng)常指下面要講的東西，而that, those經(jīng)常指前面講過的東西。 eg. He always begins his story like this: “Once upon a time, there was a ...” He was ill. That’s why he didn’t e.2．that與those可以指代前面提到的名詞，經(jīng)常在比較級的句子中出現(xiàn)。 eg. The boy told me his story and also that of his sister’s. Weather in Shanghai is warmer than that in Beijing. The products produced this year are different from those produced last year.3．this與that可用作副詞，放在形容詞或副詞前，意思相當(dāng)于so。 eg. I didn’t expect the exam would be this easy. I can only go that far, to the riverside.三、不定代詞1．one one只能指代可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，它與it的不同之處是it代替前面所提到的名詞，是特指的，也就是前面提到的同一件東西，而one代替前面所提到的名詞，但它是一種泛指，即是這一類東西中的任何一個。試比較： I have lost my cell phone and I have to buy one (= a cell phone). I have bought a new cell phone. I bought it in Hong Kong.2．a(chǎn)ny, some, anyone, someone, anybody, somebody, anything, something A)any一般用在否定句，疑問句與條件狀語從句中。 eg. —Have you any questions? —No, I haven’t any. Please buy some apples if there are any. any也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任何一個”的意思。 eg. This is mon knowledge. Any pupil knows it. B)some一般用在肯定句中，但可以用在一種表示邀請的疑問句中。 eg. Would you like to have some drinks? (= Have some drinks, please.) 試比較：Have you bought any drinks? some有時還可以解釋為“某個”的意思，相當(dāng)于certain。 eg. I have read it in some magazine. (= in a certain magazine.) C)anyone, someone, anybody, somebody都是指人，anything, something都是指物。無論是指人還是指物，都是單數(shù)性質(zhì)。3．a(chǎn)nother與the other等的用法見下表：單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)泛指another = another oneother ones = others特指the other = the other onethe other ones =the others eg. I don’t like the colour of the shirt. Will you please show me another (one/ shirt)? There were only two shirts left in the shop. I didn’t like the blue one. So I took the other. We have been told that only three of us have passed the exam, and the others have to do it again next week. There are many children in the park. Some are singing, others are dancing.4．each與every each相當(dāng)于形容詞或名詞，而every相當(dāng)與形容詞。 each指兩個或兩個以上的“每一個”，every指三個或三個以上的“每一個”。 用each的時候，常可強調(diào)“各不相同”，而用every時，常強調(diào)“全部都”。 eg. Each of the hats cost 30 dollars. (= The hats cost 30 dollars each.)There are shops on each side of the street. At the meeting, each student expressed his or her own idea. Every one of the students agreed with me.5．everyone與every one everyone只指人，同everybody。 every one既可指物，也可指人，指人時只用在of短語之前。 eg. No one is absent today. Everyone is here. All the pictures are beautiful. I like every one of them.6．a(chǎn)ll與both；any與either；none與neither 這三對代詞的區(qū)別是一樣的，在與指代數(shù)量上的不同。all, any, none都是指代三個或三個以上，both, either, neither都是指代兩者。 eg. All the students like my idea. Both his parents are ordinary workers. There are many books in our library. You can borrow any of them. I have two dictionaries. You may take either one. None of my classmates will go there with me. Neither of his two brothers could help him during that time.7．no one, nobody, nothing和none。 no one = nobody，都是指人；nothing指物；none既可指人，也可指物。 no one, nobody, nothing都是單數(shù)性質(zhì)，none作主語，如指代不可數(shù)名詞，看作單數(shù)，如果指代可數(shù)名詞，既可看作單數(shù)，也可看作復(fù)數(shù)。 在作否定回答時，用none回答有針對性的人或東西，用no one, nobody, nothing回答無針對性的人或東西。 eg. —Who did you see in the office? —No one/ Nobody. —Is there anything in the room? —Nothing.. —Is there any water in your bottle? —None. —How many students have been chosen in your class this time? —None.8．not與all, both, every連用 not與all, both, every連用時都是部分否定，意思是“不全是”。eg. All that glitters is not gold. Not every student can solve the problem. Both of his parents are not at home, today. 試析： Don’t spit ____ (anywhere/ everywhere).考研真題試析：Both teams were in hard training。 ____ was willing to lose the game. A. either B. neither C. another D. the other選B。因為在句首有both一詞，表明只有兩支隊伍，所以后面要選neither。說明兩支隊伍都不想輸。In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it選D。這里用it作形式主語，真實主語是后面的不定式。Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ____? A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest選D。因為空格中要指代的是前面說到的小麥，是不可數(shù)名詞，another，the other與others就都不能用。而the rest既可指可數(shù)名詞，也可指不可數(shù)名詞，意思也是“剩下的”。Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from ____. A. those of the past B. the past C. which of the past D. these past選A。因為只有those可以指代前文中的復(fù)數(shù)名詞libraries。I had to buy ____ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best. A. both B. none C. neither D. all選D。從句子的最后一個單詞best可以知道，書起碼有三本。另外根據(jù)全句的意思，是要買書，所以選all。Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are ____. A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers選B。因為此處要用的是一個所有格，且后面沒有跟名詞，所以B是正確選項。No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of ____. A. others B. the other C. either D. another選B。從句子中的neither可以看出，談判是在雙方間進行。那么各方都不能接受對方的條件，沒有第三方了。所以用the other。My daughter often makes a schedule to get ____ reminded of what she is to do in the day. A. herself B. her C. she D. hers選A。因為根據(jù)句子的意思，“我的女兒”做個日程表是要提醒她自己，所以要用反身代詞。I made so many changes in my position that only I could read it. To ____ else, it was hard to make out. A. none B. everyone C. someone D. anyone選D。To anyone else的意思是“對于其他任何人來說”。其余的選項都說不通。Both sides have accused ____ of breaking the contract. A. another B. the other C. neither D. each選B。這道題同01年的22題和05年的26題，前面有了both，說明只有雙方，大家都指責(zé)對方撕毀合同。The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ____ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. A. both B. others C. anyone D. another選C。此處的anyone的意思是任何一個人，放在句中正和題意。Treat ____ to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day. A. one B. oneself C. you D. yourself選D。此句是祈使句，所以事實主語是“you”，主語