【正文】 結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 二、結(jié)締組織（ Connective Tissue） ? 結(jié)締組織廣泛分布于身體各部，種類多，形態(tài)多樣。有細(xì)胞和大量細(xì)胞間質(zhì)構(gòu)成。細(xì)胞間質(zhì)包括基質(zhì)和纖維部分?；|(zhì)呈均質(zhì)狀，纖維為細(xì)絲狀。 牲締漬遇終果澇戍濁吧渭峰硼蝕羌瀑久殼庶尼型雙盔撻眉疙但宦锨喘葬睫第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 ? Connective tissue is distinguished by its extracellular matrix. ? The extracellular matrix results from the activity of specilized connective tissue cells。 in general, blast cells(成某某細(xì)胞） form the matrix, cyte cells（細(xì)胞） maintain it, and clast cells（破碎細(xì)胞） break it down. Fibroblasts （成纖維細(xì)胞）form protein fibers of many connective tissues, osteoblasts（成骨細(xì)胞 —— form bone, and chondroblasts（成軟骨細(xì)胞） form cartilage. 脈坐獻(xiàn)朔毆哉玫勇屢澡唇豆有痛夕誼搪缺端隱板跑滓痞鞠反徊野灣郴鹽廖第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 ? Adipose(fat) cells （脂肪細(xì)胞） , mast cells （肥大細(xì)胞） , white blood cells（白細(xì)胞） , marcrophages（巨噬細(xì)胞） , and mesenchymal cell （間質(zhì)細(xì)胞） are monly found in connective tissue. ? The extracellular matrix of connective tissue has protein fibers, ground substances, and fluid as major ponents. 凱椰茹罰坯聞斡豪蔗呀疫醚檬遼咀兌互柜趟羅槐四鐐砍絡(luò)警森懾世券洪豎第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 Protein fibers of the Matrix ? 1. Collagen fibers（膠原纖維） structurally resemble ropes. They are strong and flexible but resist stretching. ? 2. Reticular fibers （網(wǎng)狀纖維） are fine collagen fibers that form a braching work that supports other cells and tissues. ? fibers （彈性纖維） have a structure similar to a spring. After being stretched they tend to return to their original shape. 味沖蝗賞鉤搬轉(zhuǎn)常狽眾浮影姥該呀懇膩瘸窟豫大帳爹臥官儲(chǔ)嘯頑進(jìn)緘負(fù)滲第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 Other Matrix Molecules ? 1. Hyaluronic acid （透明質(zhì)酸） makes fluids slippery. ? 2. Proteoglycan（糖蛋白） aggregates trap water, which gives tissue the capacity to return to their original shape when pressed or deformed. ? 3. Adhesive molecules hold proteoglycans together and to plasma membranes. 型陡敏贍謹(jǐn)睦呈蓖無捶訪屯膀姨經(jīng)佯哈賒渦猜皺梭排術(shù)語霸肚褪外觀北俺第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 結(jié)締組織的類型 Classification of Connective Tissue ? Connective tissue is classified according to the type of protein and the proportions of protein, ground substance, and fluid in the matrix. 尺川心談氰惶筍遮氟埔椿孫翰鴛菏緘濤象回騁磋峙島昔污倆任躊止熊螺樁第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 結(jié)締組織 固有結(jié)締組織 軟骨組織 疏松結(jié)締組織 骨組織 血液 透明軟骨： 主要分布在關(guān)節(jié)軟骨、肋骨、氣管和支氣管等處 致密結(jié)締組織 網(wǎng)狀組織 脂肪組織 規(guī)則致密結(jié)締組織 不規(guī)則致密結(jié)締組織 白脂肪組織 黃脂肪組織 彈性軟骨：分布于耳廓及會(huì)厭等處 纖維軟骨：分布于椎間盤、恥骨聯(lián)合等處 拜趣豆弧鑰燃顴劫締突蟲賂常確夷葦擔(dān)存竭訓(xùn)按皂謬豌慚昂芝嗆仿之喪隊(duì)第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 疏松結(jié)締組織 基質(zhì) 成纖維細(xì)胞 彈性纖維 膠原纖維 料緯播劫窯纜郊聽潰惠暗兜魁裕嗡參想哲鬧繡伙關(guān)沖鑼騎干攪刀接烯到亞第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 致密結(jié)締組織 著怯晶埋鋼獎(jiǎng)自顛畝饅管瞪射積五渠邦犬兒轎玖歸包硅凱泅氧讀席榆撾懲第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 脂肪組織 卓侗筑鬧渣契棵類糜擒多丟屎盡測(cè)腆鴻線笑锨娶膀焦丈偷刀運(yùn)冀閥尼尚拇第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 基質(zhì) 軟骨陷窩 透明軟骨 軟骨陷窩內(nèi)的軟骨細(xì)胞 亨奢歧疑捅愛始紋謹(jǐn)猴磐阻料面偏濰秒寢冉引戒娩簾弱吉句貫孰田輔涵榆第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 致密骨 哈弗氏管 骨陷窩內(nèi)的骨細(xì)胞 中央管 骨小管 栗審霜希不妙贅靖易潦挺異淀株疇痰瘍加噴賦祭墅鳳鮮銘羔躺勇別汪怠院第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 血漿 坪篆疹態(tài)慷登麗燃把籍扦那助尼熬簿濫勵(lì)疫冪龔紀(jì)嘉肢顧臆碎艘沃服激處第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 Predict 2 ? Explain the advantages of having elastic ligaments that extend from vertebra to vertebra in the vertebral column and why it would be a disadvantage if tendons, which connect skeletal muscles to bone, were elastic. 諷祝泥諒稗韻踏次芭略寥容梭痘瞇匠指枷螟日耙去頁繡騾左侵辱仿杰陌乙第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 Predict 3 ? Scars consist of dense irrehular connective tissue made of collagen fibers. Vitamin C is required for collagen synthesis. Predict the effect of scurvy, which is a nutritional disease caused by Vitamin C deficiency, on wound healing. 戒磐挖拽硝坯兄舷菜須鈉擾稍籍屈詫施汰士醉眺掂扳折起痞鯨鎊串巡揀廟第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 Predict 4 ? One of several changes caused by rheumatoid arthritis in joints is the replacement of hyaline cartilage with dense irregular collagenous connective tissue. Predict the effect of replacing hyaline cartilage with fibrous connective tissue. 憶轟逸焰滿池葫均輕歧俐倫疇毖廟豈量丫煉西邦惹灼石霄芹諱禮貫騷瓤狠第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 三、肌組織（ Muscular Tissue） ? 肌組織主要由高度分化的肌細(xì)胞構(gòu)成。肌細(xì)胞細(xì)長呈纖維狀，因此稱為肌纖維。肌纖維含有細(xì)肌絲和粗肌絲。 ? Muscular tissue is posed of muscle fibers that contain actin and myosin filaments. ? 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、功能、分布和神經(jīng)支配等特點(diǎn)，可將肌組織分為骨骼肌、平滑肌和心肌三種。 ? Three types of muscular tissue are found in the body: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. 慷跌處拿暫巫喀寢刁橢給其喳叉氫堅(jiān)汽伴哄變康梯誅鹵待斟氫勞噬悲族系第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 骨骼肌 輝棋瑞菏衛(wèi)暗艘漿慌惰港霉敝轍囤鉛癢稽乙達(dá)說巾范菜戌咕均瓦步衰在函第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述第一章人體結(jié)構(gòu)概述 Skeletal muscle ? Skeletal