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lege. Therefore, my contention toward this opinion is that it is necessary to inspire the researchers concerning the practical discipline to spend time outside the academic world, while, for those who work in the pure theoretical field, it is meaningless to pel them to gain the experience in the practical work.從老師和學(xué)生兩個(gè)角度談1. 讓應(yīng)用學(xué)科的人參與實(shí)際工作好:一方面,能夠激發(fā)研究人員的興趣,并擴(kuò)寬他們的視野,了解到最前沿的發(fā)展趨勢(shì);另一方面,讓教授和其他研究人員的理論成果更快和更好的轉(zhuǎn)化成實(shí)際的產(chǎn)品,并促進(jìn)各個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的公司還有學(xué)校的合作,不光有利于學(xué)生了解最前沿的科技,還可以為學(xué)校帶來足夠的資金。如:IT2. 可以幫助學(xué)生更了解書本知識(shí)實(shí)際的應(yīng)用,讓學(xué)生對(duì)書本知識(shí)產(chǎn)生興趣,并為一部分學(xué)生未來參加到實(shí)際工作中做準(zhǔn)備;;help students who are serious about pursuing a career in that field to make more informed career decisions如:管理學(xué)另一方面,對(duì)于純學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的工作人員沒有必要強(qiáng)迫他們到應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域工作。首先,沒有實(shí)際的位置適合他們;其次,這些學(xué)科需要的是學(xué)術(shù)成果,而不是實(shí)際成果,因此應(yīng)當(dāng)讓這些人專注學(xué)術(shù)in certain academic areas, there is no profession to speak of outside academia(學(xué)術(shù)界、學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境)如pure theoretical field including mathematics, philosophy;有時(shí)會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間distracting them from the research and instruction work they should concentrate on如:public administration.重點(diǎn)五3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 教育機(jī)構(gòu)有責(zé)任勸阻學(xué)生不要從事不太可能成功的科學(xué)研究。35 Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 教育機(jī)構(gòu)有責(zé)任勸阻學(xué)生不要從事不太可能成功的科學(xué)研究。137 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 教育機(jī)構(gòu)有責(zé)任勸阻學(xué)生不要從事不太可能成功的科學(xué)研究。.可供參考老題庫(kù)31 Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.花費(fèi)在研究上的金錢總是很好的投資,即使研究結(jié)果是有爭(zhēng)論的Disagree with concession: 1. I concede that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue. After all, research is the exploration of the unknown for answers to our questions, and for lasting solutions to our endure problems.2. While we must invest in research irrespective of whether the results might be controversial, at the same time we should be circumspect about research whose objectives are too vague and whose potential benefits are too speculative.3. No amount of research can pletely solve the enduring problems of war, poverty and violence, for the reason that they stem from the certain aspects of human nature—such as aggression and greed.觀點(diǎn):花在研究上的資金都是很好的資金,但是我們應(yīng)該適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)注它的結(jié)果,避免因由之引起的社會(huì)問題,使有限的investment得到更合理的利用。 1. 研究在人類的發(fā)展中起了不可忽視的作用,研究是對(duì)未知領(lǐng)域的探索,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并且解決問題,推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步。它也滿足了人們不斷的求知欲望,幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)自己與世界。Research is the exploration of the unknown for true answers to our questions, and for lasting solutions to our enduring problems. Research is also the chief means by which we humans attempt to satisfy our insatiable appetite for knowledge, and our craving to understand ourselves and the world around ,人們從根本上認(rèn)識(shí)了自己,從而有助于治療疾病并可以通過改變基因而改變世界。在對(duì)永動(dòng)機(jī)的研究中,人類了解了自然能量守恒的原則principle of energy conservation,從而人類懂得了在自然的框架下實(shí)現(xiàn)理想。在對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)macroeconomy的研究中,人類摸索出了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的規(guī)則,從而使人類更從容的面對(duì)今天經(jīng)濟(jì)的變幻莫測(cè)。因此,花在研究上的資金是很值得的。2. 一些持反對(duì)意見的人可能會(huì)指出克隆和原子能的研究的例子。的確它們有不好的一面,違背社會(huì)倫理道德,造成核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但是我們應(yīng)該看到,在和平時(shí)期核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是可以控制的,克隆也正在受社會(huì)倫理道德的約束。并且在當(dāng)下,這兩種技術(shù)的確都為社會(huì)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。3. 然而值得注意的是我們還是應(yīng)該注意研究的結(jié)果的。After all, expensive research always carries significant opportunity costsin terms of(根據(jù), 按照, 用...的話, 在...方面) how the money might be spent toward addressing society39。s more immediate problems that do not require ,凡事都是有機(jī)會(huì)成本的,與其去做那些有爭(zhēng)議的研究,不如把這些錢投入其他更有前途收效更大的研究中,或拿去解決社會(huì)當(dāng)前所面臨的社會(huì)問題。比如Star Wars。One apt illustration of this point involves the socalled Star Wars defense initiative, championed by the Reagan administration during the 1980s. In retrospect, this initiative was illconceived and largely a waste of taxpayer dollars。 and few would dispute that the exorbitant amount of money devoted to the initiative could have gone a long way toward addressing pressing social problems of the dayby establishing afterschool programs for delinquent latchkey kids(指沒父母管著所以走上犯法的歧途的孩子), by enhancing AIDS awareness and education, and so forth.結(jié)尾:政府應(yīng)該對(duì)研究進(jìn)行投資,為了促進(jìn)科技及社會(huì)的發(fā)展,特別是對(duì)人類有益的研究。然而有些研究結(jié)果是不確定的或是頗具爭(zhēng)議的,此時(shí)政府應(yīng)該作出合理的判斷,盡量減少有限資金的浪費(fèi),解決實(shí)際問題。Begin: 以認(rèn)識(shí)大自然以及各種奧秘為目的的研究,毫無疑問是有價(jià)值的,無論結(jié)果是否具有爭(zhēng)議性。部分研究中的爭(zhēng)議問題不應(yīng)當(dāng)成為阻礙研究發(fā)展的理由,就好像人類不可能為了逃避污染而放棄工業(yè)給我們帶來的便利一樣。1. 在人類的演化過程中,科學(xué)研究發(fā)揮著非常重要的作用。首先,研究向人們揭示自然界的各種現(xiàn)象,將人類有愚昧無知轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在的高度發(fā)達(dá)的文明世界。其次,研究幫助人們解決各種各樣的問題,在人類發(fā)展初期,研究幫助人類對(duì)抗自然的威脅,現(xiàn)在研究推動(dòng)科技以及知識(shí)的發(fā)展,并能夠用于解決在科技發(fā)展的同時(shí)產(chǎn)生的各種各樣的社會(huì)問題。2. 基于上面的陳述,研究作為人類為名發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿χ唬谄渌I(lǐng)域相比較,是值得進(jìn)行投資的。如果我們投資錢創(chuàng)辦制造各種產(chǎn)品的工廠,我們不會(huì)得到任何科技領(lǐng)域的回報(bào),除了我們能夠擁有更多產(chǎn)品購(gòu)買,而如果我們把錢投入到研究上,盡管也許大部分人不能夠直接獲益,但是科技卻能夠因此得到發(fā)展,最終整個(gè)社會(huì)都會(huì)收益。這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)今的科技飛速發(fā)展的時(shí)代尤為明顯。3. 不得不承認(rèn),有的研究的確會(huì)給社會(huì)帶來災(zāi)難性的后果,尤其是用于研究各種武器的研究。正如許多人所指出的那樣,研究的雙重性意味著:人們不光能夠用研究提高生活的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而且還可以用來摧毀人類社會(huì)。但是,需要指出,這些研究本身沒有錯(cuò),出發(fā)點(diǎn)是好的,Nobel 造 explosive, 是為了讓在礦場(chǎng)的工人更加方便;核能—發(fā)電,無污染。只是我們錯(cuò)誤的使用的它們,用于不正當(dāng)?shù)氖侄味?,就研發(fā)本身,是無可置疑的。End:總之,研究能夠讓我們更清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)我們居住的世界,只要我們正取的利用研究成果,有利于推動(dòng)科技和文明的進(jìn)步。因此,投入更多的錢到研究上能夠讓我們擁有更好的明天。 36/72 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.可供參考老題庫(kù)44. Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear. 政府不應(yīng)該資助任何后果不明的科學(xué)研究,無論是醫(yī)學(xué)方面還是倫理方面的。 Disagree1. Financial support is to the uncertain scientific research what steam is to lootive(?). 2. The consequences of uncertain researches may turn out to be as substantial as those with clear perspectives.3. Admittedly, there are some dangers or wastes when the result of a scientific research is unclear.政府和科研 可供參考老題庫(kù)67 Colleges should require students to engage in publicservice activities in order to assure that each student receives a balanced, wellrounded education. 學(xué)院應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生們參加公益活動(dòng),這樣就能保證學(xué)生們得到全面平衡的教育。 31. 對(duì)學(xué)生自身的幫助:A)認(rèn)識(shí)、了解社會(huì),將來能更好的適應(yīng)社會(huì) B)而傳統(tǒng)教育往往存在弊端:過多強(qiáng)調(diào)專業(yè)教育,與社會(huì)隔離,缺乏這會(huì)能力與責(zé)任感的的培養(yǎng);進(jìn)入社會(huì)后無法面對(duì)各種挫折與挑戰(zhàn)。2. 對(duì)社會(huì)的幫助:A)“中國(guó)青年志愿者”:普及衛(wèi)生、法律等基本知識(shí),去福利院幫助殘疾人與老人等。 B)社會(huì)由人組成,高素質(zhì)人推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步、促進(jìn)人類發(fā)展3. 但過多的強(qiáng)調(diào)并不好,畢竟不是教育的重心,以上那些優(yōu)勢(shì)都可以從別的活動(dòng)中獲取,教育本身的不可替代性沒有顯現(xiàn)出來。而且,wellrounded education需要其他更重要的因素來保證。如:系統(tǒng)、全面知識(shí)的傳授;能力的培養(yǎng)和挖掘可供參考老題庫(kù)80 All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in sc