【導(dǎo)讀】我在美國旅行期間，注意到了一種根深蒂固的憂郁癥。大多數(shù)社會(huì)改革家認(rèn)為，若是消除了貧困，有了經(jīng)。濟(jì)保障，太平盛世會(huì)到來。但是，無論在貴國還是在敝國，看看坐在豪華轎車?yán)锏娜?。們的面孔，卻見不到社會(huì)改革家引導(dǎo)人們期待的那種喜氣洋洋的神情。然而忍受這般苦楚的還不僅僅是那些富豪們。他們希望有點(diǎn)事情可做，希望為某項(xiàng)公共事業(yè)做點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)。望，又擔(dān)心會(huì)失去生計(jì)。前頭去了，有了更豪華的轎車，更寬敞的住宅，更高貴的朋友。幾乎對(duì)每個(gè)人而言，生活是一場(chǎng)持久競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，很少有人能成為羸家，而羸不了的人便要。在按照禮儀需要興高采烈的社交場(chǎng)合，這種必要的儀態(tài)卻是靠酒精激發(fā)的。我想弄清楚為什么那么多美國人不像人們預(yù)想的那樣快樂，覺得似乎有兩個(gè)原因，其。那個(gè)淺顯的原因是，在大機(jī)構(gòu)里供職必須俯首帖耳。意，老板就一棍子打死。諾的人，你的收入很快就會(huì)翻一番。美國人的憂郁癖性。以及近乎瘋狂的渴望，想找點(diǎn)東西吊起早已發(fā)膩的胃口。中來，潸然淚下。

　　

【正文】 Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go, merely on that account, for in general you know they visit no new ers. 盧卡斯爵士夫婦打定主意要去，還不就是為了這個(gè)緣故，因?yàn)槟阒溃麄兺ǔＪ遣蝗グ菰L新搬來的鄰居的。 ●翻譯練習(xí) ? 在翻譯下列句子時(shí)請(qǐng)使用正反譯法。 The world today is far from peaceful. Africa is not kicking out Western imperialism in order to invite other new masters. ? Mr. White has refrained from making any official ment on the coup in that country. ? Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you? His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation. ? The idea that he should bee an assistant to his boss has never deserted him. The window refuses to open. 窗戶打不開。 ? The explanation is pretty thin. 這個(gè)解釋站不住腳。 Such a chance denied me. 我沒有得到這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。 He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 他 75歲了，可是并不顯老。 （ 4）轉(zhuǎn)性譯法： ? 在翻譯中，將原文中的某一詞類轉(zhuǎn)換為譯文的另一詞類，如在英譯漢中，將英語的名詞譯成漢語的動(dòng)詞，英語的形容詞譯成漢語的副詞等等，這種翻譯方法就叫做轉(zhuǎn)性譯法（ conversion）。英漢兩種語言中詞類不盡相同，各詞類的使用頻率、使用方式也不盡相同，因此，原來英語中屬于某種詞類的詞，在譯成漢語時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)為或必須專為另一種不同的詞類。在英譯漢時(shí)有些句子可以逐詞對(duì)譯，有些句子則不能機(jī)械地把原文詞類“ 對(duì)號(hào)入座 ” ，否則會(huì)使譯文佶屈聱牙，甚至邏輯混亂。 ? One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world. 發(fā)言人相繼表示要打倒帝國主義，消滅人剝削人的制度，解放全世界被壓迫的人民。 His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph. 無論什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。 The overthrow of the Caetano dictatorship has demonstrated again the futility of the colonial wars. 卡埃塔獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治被推翻，再一次證明進(jìn)行殖民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是枉費(fèi)心機(jī)。 ● 翻譯練習(xí) ? 在翻譯下列句子時(shí)請(qǐng)注意詞性或語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變。 We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars. No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago. Little by little they went along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful observation on the way. Independent observers have mented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 他因?yàn)檫t到而向老師 道歉 。 ? 從這篇文章中你能得出什么 結(jié)論 。 If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the ? aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing. ? It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession pf a good fortune must be in want of a wife. ? 10． Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab mon market. （ 5）分句與合句 ? 英漢兩中語言在句法結(jié)構(gòu)存在很大差異。英語重形合，連接詞較為發(fā)達(dá)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)層層包孕，疊床架屋，句子在空間上呈大樹型結(jié)構(gòu)，長(zhǎng)句較多；漢語重意合，句子與句子之間缺乏必要的連接詞，積詞成句，積句成章，流水句較多，呈線型排列，一句接一句，短句較多，句子結(jié)構(gòu)呈竹竿型分布。針對(duì)英漢句子結(jié)構(gòu)的不同特征，在翻譯時(shí)要根據(jù)各自的語言習(xí)慣作響應(yīng)的分句合句轉(zhuǎn)換，以確保譯文通順流暢 a、分句法 ? The good tidings filled the whole nation with joy. 捷報(bào)傳來，舉國歡騰。 There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.(拆開定語從句 ) ? 我訪問過一些地方，遇到不少人，要談起來，奇妙的事可多著呢。 It was sufficient that there was tenderness in her eyes, weakness in her manner, good nature and hope in her thoughts. (拆開名詞從句 ) 只要她眼睛里含情脈脈，舉止里透漏著嬌柔，思想里洋溢著善良和希望，這就夠了。 After singing a concert in this city, he said he wanted to greet his admires backstage as he always does.(拆開狀語從句 ) 他在那個(gè)城市演唱了一場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)。 音樂會(huì)結(jié)束了以后，他提出要像往常那樣到后臺(tái)去見見他的崇拜者。 b. 合句法 ? 既有分句，就有合句，這是英漢兩種語言在詞匯，語法以及修辭方面的差異造成的。相比較而言，在英譯漢時(shí)，分句法比合句法更為常見。但有時(shí)候也會(huì)見到把英語的兩個(gè)單句，復(fù)合句和并列句壓縮糅合在一起翻譯的情況。這樣處理比較符合漢語語言的洗練簡(jiǎn)潔的特點(diǎn)，從而避免譯文的拖泥帶水和羅嗦的缺點(diǎn)。 His eyes were triumphantly cold. There was no light in them, no feeling, no interest. 他的目光傲慢冷酷，呆滯無光，淡漠無情。 The stimulation provided by a late mystery show on TV or a hard fought game of chess or an animated chat with friends may be delightful, but it will tend to keep us wide awake. 很晚的引人入勝的電視節(jié)目，激烈的棋賽或跟朋友熱烈的聊天，往往會(huì)使人過于興奮，久久不能入睡。 (主從復(fù)合句的合譯 ) ●練習(xí) ? 運(yùn)用分句與合句的翻譯技巧翻譯下列句子： ? 1． In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours. 2． Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me? 3． Alchemists made resultless efforts to transform one metal into another. 4． The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation. 5． She was not ugly。 she had simply a plain dull, gentle, countenance. ? 6． The book is so lovely that I was simply taken away. ? 7． Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. ? 8． In her face were two sharply blended the delicate features of her mother, a coast aristocrat of French descent, and the heavy ones of her florid Irish father. ? 9． There is now a single accepted pronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use, deviation from which is regarded either as a provincialism or as a vulgarism. ? 10． Three rains had passed, and it was that lean season when the village’s store of grain and other dried foods from the last harvest was almost gone.