【正文】
企業(yè)集團(tuán)公正對(duì)待小股東的聲譽(yù) ?Gomes, 2022 ?企業(yè)集團(tuán)固定發(fā)放高額的紅利 ?Faccio, Lang amp。 Young, 2022 ?美的集團(tuán)股權(quán)分置改革之后每年固定發(fā)放凈利潤 40%的現(xiàn)金紅利 ?掏空代表了上層集團(tuán)核心企業(yè)的核心能力或資源投入,屬于大股東應(yīng)得部分 ?Faccio, 2022 – 爭取政府支持的能力 企業(yè)集團(tuán) ?家族企業(yè) ?多數(shù)在合同簽訂非常艱難的國家 ?血緣的信任 ?家族企業(yè)在世界各地不斷的減少 ?可能是由于企業(yè)集團(tuán)的規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大 ?家族企業(yè)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響 ?目前沒有完整的結(jié)論 ?家族企業(yè)肯定擁有特權(quán) – Manila 大學(xué)教授的笑話 企業(yè)集團(tuán) ?金字塔控股 – 對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響 ?Morck, Wolfenzon amp。 Yeung, 2022 ?壕溝效應(yīng) – Entrenchment Problem ?斷絕了社會(huì)的上升通道 – 從而減少了人們努力的激勵(lì) ?沒有足夠能力的人在重要的位子上 – 阻礙了正確的生產(chǎn)和再投資 ?投資政策會(huì)過于保守 – 影響了社會(huì)資金的再投資 企業(yè)集團(tuán) 企業(yè)集團(tuán) ?啟示: ?法律制度強(qiáng)的國家 ?做弱者,享受法律保護(hù) ?經(jīng)濟(jì)制度較強(qiáng)的國家 ?弱者聯(lián)合起來保護(hù)自己 ?強(qiáng)者招兵買馬讓自己更強(qiáng) ?中國情況: ?家族企業(yè) – 聯(lián)合起來做一些本來不可能的事情 ?大型國企 – 瘋狂上市 ?這個(gè)情況和日本,韓國,臺(tái)灣特定歷史時(shí)期都很相似 企業(yè)集團(tuán) ?黑社會(huì)? ?羅賓漢? ?Paragons? ?Parasites? GoodFellas ?A scared Sonny with a bandage on his forehead from the injury, plains to Paulie about how Tommy39。s behavior is dangerous, disruptive and volatile to the selfregulating criminal world, but Paulie responds helplessly. ?Although unaware of how to run a restaurant, Paulie promises to offer protection by being a partner. Sonny is now mitted and beholden to Paulie GoodFellas ? Now the guy39。s got Paulie as a partner. Any problems, he goes to Paulie. ?Trouble with a bill, he can go to Paulie. ?Trouble with the cops, deliveries, Tommy, he can call Paulie. ?But now the guy39。s got to e up with Paulie39。s money every week. ?No matter what. Business bad? Fk you, pay me. ?Oh, you had a fire? Fk you, pay me. ?The place got hit by lightning, huh? Fk you, pay me. GoodFellas ?Also, Paulie could do anything. ?Especially run up bills on the joint39。s credit. And why not? Nobody39。s gonna pay for it anyway. ?And as soon as the deliveries are made in the front door, you move the stuff out the back and sell it at a discount. You take a two hundred dollar case of booze and you sell it for a hundred. It doesn39。t matter. It39。s all profit. GoodFellas ?And then finally, when there39。s nothing left, when you can39。t borrow another buck from the bank or buy another case of booze, you bust the joint out. You light a match. 企業(yè)集團(tuán) ?黑社會(huì)? ?羅賓漢? ?Paragons? ?Parasites? Henry VIII amp。 Robin Hood ?英國的封建制度 ?貴族占據(jù)城堡,農(nóng)民屬于土地 ?貴族要求農(nóng)民出兵役和徭役 ?社會(huì)剛性很大 ?貴族世襲 ?長子繼承 ?沒有上升通道 ?矛盾很尖銳 ?貴族需要香料和絲綢,但是沒有錢 ?小手工藝匠人希望創(chuàng)業(yè),但是不允許離開土地 ?結(jié)果是很多手工藝匠人在城堡間聚居 Henry VIII amp。 Robin Hood ?Henry VIII ?從羅馬天主教中分離出來,建立英國清教 ?Protestant 第一位主教 ?為了娶六個(gè)老婆 ?建立所得稅制度 ?為了籌集花費(fèi)買香料和絲綢 ?影響: ?Max Weber, 1921, ―Protestant ethics and capitalism‖ ?Morck amp。 Yeung, 2022, ―Dividend Taxation and Corporate Governance‖, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(3): 163 ?交所得稅的人,因?yàn)槔麧欀杏袊跻环?,所以該人所從事的?jīng)營活動(dòng)是以國王為合作伙伴的 Henry VIII amp。 Robin Hood ?Robin Hood ?貴族出身,淪為小工匠人 ?對(duì)抗貴族,反對(duì)貴族對(duì)聚居的小工匠的搶奪 ?傳說他和小約翰劫富濟(jì)貧 ?傳說他和 Henry VIII的第五個(gè)老婆有曖昧關(guān)系 ?圍攻白金漢宮 ?圍困溫莎堡 ?Henry VIII被迫租借倫敦城“ City of London‖ 制度缺失 ?Institutional Voids ?新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué), Douglass North ?給定制度的情況下,企業(yè)的形式是根據(jù)交易成本最低的原則組建起來的,最適合生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的形式 ?制度缺失的情況下,企業(yè)聯(lián)合起來填補(bǔ)這個(gè)缺失 ?企業(yè)集團(tuán) ?戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟 ?黑社會(huì) ?黑手黨 – 西西里 ?梁山好漢 – 八百里水泊梁山 ?這是一把雙刃劍