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法學(xué)論文-新外貿(mào)法與我國發(fā)展國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易的若干法律問題-資料下載頁

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【正文】 se for Sidestepping the GATT, The Yale Journal of International Law, [ Vol. 19: 405 ], PP416— 417. [10]See Yi Wang: MostFavoredNation Treatment under the General Agreement on Trade in Services— and Its Application in Financial Services, Journal of World Trade, Vol..30, ,F(xiàn)eb. 1994, P123. [11]See . Hackworth: Digest of International Law, Vol. 5, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington. ., 1943,P273. [12]MFN 原則的例外與豁免主要包括:自選性豁免(selfselective exemption)、普遍性例外 (universal exceptions)、放棄 (waivers)程序以及個(gè)別締約方間的不適用 (nonapplication between particular members)等。見 GATS 第 2 條第 2 款和第 3 款、第 5 條、第 6 條、第 14 條、第 14 條 (附 )以及 WTO 協(xié)議的第 9 條第 3款和第 13 條等規(guī)定。 [13]對于市場準(zhǔn)入的確切含義,至今并未有一個(gè)被廣泛接受的定義。有學(xué)者談到了對市場準(zhǔn)入的三種定義方法, See Joel P. Trachtman: Trade in Financial Services under GATS, NAFTA and the EC: A Regulatory Jurisdiction Analysis, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, [ 34: 37 ], 1995, P 75. [14]汪堯田、周漢民主編:《世界貿(mào)易組織總論》,上海遠(yuǎn)東出版社, 1995 年,第 82 頁。 [15]See Aaditya Mattoo, China’s Accession to the WTO: The Services Dimension, Journal of International Economic Law 6(2),300, Oxford University Press 2022. [16]See Joel P. Trachtman: Trade in Financial Services under GATS, NAFTA and the EC: A Regulatory Jurisdiction Analysis, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, [ 34: 37 ],1995, PP7576. [17]GATS 第 1 條規(guī)定了四種提供服務(wù)的方式,即跨國提供(crossborder supply)、消費(fèi)者流動(dòng) (consumption abroad)、自然人存在 (presence of natural persons)、商業(yè)存在 (mercial presence)。 [18]See Yi Wang: MostFavoredNation Treatment under the General Agreement on Trade in Services— and Its Application in Financial Services, Journal of World Trade, Vol..30, ,F(xiàn)eb. 1994, P106 [19]GATS 第 19 條第 2 款。 [20]關(guān)于我國服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀的分析,詳見薛榮久、張漢 林著:《國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易》,我國大百科全書出版社, 1995 年,第 342 頁至第 354 頁。 [21]李嵐清主編:《我國利用外資基礎(chǔ)知識》,中共中央黨校出版社、中共對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易出版社, 1995 年版,第 4 頁。 [22]這一做法有其深刻的內(nèi)在動(dòng)因和重要影響。參見徐崇利:《外資準(zhǔn)入的晚近發(fā)展趨勢與我國的立法實(shí)踐》,《我國法學(xué)》, 1996年第 5 期,第 70 頁。 [23]其它 4 項(xiàng)是分別針對服務(wù)提供者、服務(wù)供應(yīng)總金額、服務(wù)供應(yīng)總產(chǎn)出量以及服務(wù)所必須雇傭的自然人的數(shù)量限制進(jìn)行規(guī)定的 . [24]關(guān)于我國服務(wù)市場開放的具 體問題,參見薛榮久、張漢林:《論我國服務(wù)業(yè)對外開放》,《國際貿(mào)易問題》, 1997 年第 2 期,第 39 頁至第 43 頁。 [25]See Mary E. Footer: The International Regulation of Trade in Services Following Completion of the Uruguay Round,The International Lawyer, Vol. 29, No. 2, Summer 1995, PP453460. [26]See Deepak Nayyar: Some Reflections on the Uruguay Round and Trade in Services, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 22,No. 5, Oct., 1988, P39. [27]因?yàn)橐恍┩馍掏顿Y企業(yè)是服務(wù)性的企業(yè),如《中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)法實(shí)施條例》規(guī)定的允許設(shè)立合營企業(yè)的主要行業(yè)的第 6 項(xiàng)即“ 旅游和服務(wù)業(yè) ” 。 [28]See Mary E. Footer: Global and Regional Approaches to the Regulation of Trade in Services, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 43, July 1994, PP673674. [29]本條的注釋談到,該條項(xiàng)下所謂承擔(dān)特定義務(wù),不應(yīng)解釋為要求任何締約方對其他締約方的服務(wù)和服務(wù)提供者,因其本身的特性而形成的內(nèi)在競爭劣勢進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ)。 [30]See Tycho . Stahl: Liberalizing International Trade in Services: The Case for Sidestepping the GATT, The Yale Journal of International Law, [ Vol. 19: 405 ], PP421422. [31]See Tycho . Stahl: Liberalizing International Trade in Services: The Case for Sidestepping the GATT, The Yale Journal of International Law, [ Vol. 19: 405 ], PP419420. [32]See P. S. Randhawa: Punta del Este and After: Negotiations on Trade in Services and the Uruguay Round, Journal of World Trade Law, [ 21:4 ], 1987, PP163164. [33]See Friedl Weiss: The General Agreement on Trade in Services 1994, Common Market Law Review 32, 1995, P1206. [34]即使許多發(fā)達(dá)國家的高新技術(shù)服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè),也是通過嚴(yán)格的國家管制和貿(mào)易障礙發(fā)展起來的,初始并未實(shí)施國民待遇原則。 See Deepak Nayyar: Some Reflections on the Uruguay Round and Trade in Services, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 22, No. 5, Oct.,1988, P45. [35]See Pierre Sauve: Assessing the General Agreement on Trade in Services HalfFull or HalfEmpty?Journal of World Trade, Vol. 29, No. 4, Aug. 1995, PP125— 127. [36]See World Trade Organization: Second Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services and Related Decisions,Done at Geneva, Oct. 6, 1995, International Legal Materials ,Vol. 35 , , January, 1996, P199.
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