【正文】 a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences。 family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity。 systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world39。s work is carried on receives little attention as pared with physical output. But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident。 the pressure to acplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a mon life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young. (50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group. Section Ⅲ Writing Part A 51. Directions: Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. White pollution is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to give your opinions briefly and make two or three suggestions You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. Part B 52. Directions: In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your ments. You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 2022 年考研英語真題答案 Section I: Use of English (10 points) 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) Part A (40 points) 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. C 36. B 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. C Part B (10 points) 41. C 42. E 43. A 44. B 45. G Part C (10 points) 46. 雖然我們可以說衡量任何一個社會機構價值的標準是其在豐富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但這種作用并不是我們最初的動機的組成部分。 47. 人們只是逐漸地才注意到機構的這 — 副產(chǎn)品，而 人們把這種作用視為機構運作的指導性因素的過程則更為緩慢。 48. 雖然在與年輕人的接觸中我們?nèi)菀缀鲆曌约旱男袨閷λ麄兊男郧樗a(chǎn)生的影響，然而在與成年人打交道時這種情況就不那么容易發(fā)生。 49. 由于我們對年輕人所做的首要工作在于使他們能夠在生活中彼此相融，因此我們不禁要考慮自己是否在形成讓他們獲得這種能力的力量。 50. 這就使我們得以在一直討論的廣義的教育過程中進一步區(qū)分出一種更為正式的教育形式，即直接講授或學校教育。 Section III: Writing (30 points) Part A (10 points) 51. 參考范文 Dear Editor: I am writing this letter to draw your attention to the deteriorating situation of ―white pollution‖ in some regions despite the implementation of restrictions on the use of plastic bags. In order to put an effective stop to the wide spread of ―white pollution‖, I would like to make the following suggestions . Firstly, the price of plastic bags should be further raised。 Secondly , special government departments should be established to supervise the making and using of plastic bags to ensure they are used when really needed. I hope my suggestions would be of help and thank you for your attention. Sincerely Yours Li Ming Part B (20 points) 52. 參考范文 Vividly depicted in the cartoon is a race of humans on a social work that are isolated in their own little cubicles. They are all sitting in front of their puters, connected to each other through the Inter and their devoted looks and postures showed their addiction to the Inter. This cartoon, I believe, intends to draw our attentions to the negative effects the Inter has brought to our daily life as it brings in some benefits, such as easy access to information, instant munication with people from afar and cheap cost of munication. The more people are hooked to the Net, the more isolated they are from the real world. Since people can easily pretend their identities on the Inter, everything online bees illusive and untrustworthy. The Inter, which was intended to bring people closer to each other, in effect prevents people from making real acquaintances that one can make with a casual exchange of greetings and eyecontact in a facetoface munication. Serious consequences, such as fear of realtime interactions, online cheating or blackmailing, may follow if the use of the Inter is not brought under systematic control. I strongly suggest that people only use the Inter for necessary business transactions and personal contacts with those they have already known face to face.