【正文】 seem a dark on a light water surface. In the high speed of a wind oil spill identi?cation will be inconvenient as they disappear from images owing to mixing with the top layer of water. For more optimum monitoring of sea oil spill is remended to carry out the following: (i) analysis of sea surface currents。 (ii) analysis of the information about the sea level, wave height and wind speed。 (iii) analysis of the meteorological information, allowing to estimate speed and direction of a spot. Figure 3 shows southern of the Caspian Sea at the Volga estuary. This river carries a heavy load of pollutants originating from fertilizers washed out from agricultural ?elds and from industrial and municipal plants. They serve as nutrients for the marine anisms which experience a rapid growth and then generate biogenic surface slicks. The oceanic eddies which bee visible on the radar images because the surface slicks follow the surface currents are very likely windinduced. The most remarkable feature on this image is the mushroomlike feature consisting of two counterrotating eddies. This is one more example of application of space technology for environmental monitoring of the sea surface. Except foregoing mentioned areas, an application of satellite monitoring for pipelines can include below indicated problems as: ? detection of oil/gas leaking。 ? no authorized intrusion into a safety zone of object。 ? detection of failures and an estimation of ecological damage。 ? detection and monitoring of pipelines moving (can be caused soil substance). Advanced Space Technology for Oil Spill Detection 7 Table 3 demonstrates the basic parameters of used equipment for oil spill monitoring Advanced Space Technology for Oil Spill Detection 8 Remote Sensing Data Analysis Investigation of the petroleum hydrocarbons on a plot and its analysis is advisable to conduct before and after the oil spill, to characterize changes in vegetative condition through time. Figure 4 shows an example of the oil spill accident occurred due to the third party intervention. This area was used for further investigations as a spilled area indicated for a long term ecological monitoring site (David Reister et al., partnership programme) Fig. 4 Oil spilled area An implementation of these studies started from the collection of remotely sensed data from ground, airborne and satellite and the results of all information were bined. Oil spill site has a plant canopy dominated by creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) shrub land. Qualitative ?eld investigations indicated that upper plant canopy contact with the diesel fuel was manifest as etiolation that resulted in a grey to white color of the upper canopy and a white to slight reddening of the lower canopy graminoids and litter, partial and plete defoliation of shrubs, apparent high mortality of much of the above ground phytomass, including grasses, cactiods and biological crusts and darkening of the orangered alluvial soil. It was an evident that the spill boundary could be delineated on the bases of smell, as diesel was still volatizing from the soil. These features were still valuable evident one year after the release. It is necessary to note that the canopy dominant, creosote bush is expected to recover from the diesel spill. This aspect of plant physiology is signi?cant for studies of resilience in desert ecosystems. Following application of the oil, vegetation damage was assessed visually via changes in leaf color and leaf fall. It showed three main time frames for injuries: ? immediate ? occurring during the initial growing season and ? cumulative, occurring after the initial growing season Virtually all aboveground foliage that came into contact with the oil was quickly cleaned up. Turgidity was immediately reduced and foliage appeared dead within several days. The zone of contact was generally limited to the immediate areas and to areas of low relief in the pass of aboveground ?owing oil (Jenkins et al., Arctic, 1978). In contrast, cottongrass tussock with a raised, upright growth form and species growing on areas of higher relief kept most of their aboveground biomass above the oil. These species continued to grow and ?ower despite their being surrounded by oil (Fig. 5) Fig. 5 Cottongrass tussock growing on spill plot despite surrounding oil Advanced Space Technology for Oil Spill Detection 9 The features of vegetation and natural growth as physical and biological parameters depends of the oil spill interaction can be used a key instrument of spectral behaviors of information within the data processing of space images for linear infrastructures. Conclusion Advances in information systems, satellites imaging systems and improvement software technologies and consequently data processing led to opportunities for a new level of information products from remote sensing data. The integration of these new products into existing response systems can provide a huge range of analysis tools and information products that were not possible in the past. For instance, with the higher resolution of the space imagery and change detection of the linear infrastructure situational awareness and damage and assessment by impact of the variety of reasons can be implemented rapidly and accurately. All this presented information sources can be valuable in the response, recovery and rehabilitation phases of the preparedness management issue. The lack of periodically observation data for satisfaction need