實(shí)驗(yàn)流行病學(xué)ppt課件-資料下載頁
2025-01-05 10:01本頁面
【正文】 ege of Harbin Medical University 44 ? 排除 exclusion ? 退出 withdrawal ? 不合格 ineligibility ? 不依從 nonpliance ? 失訪 loss to followup 一、偏倚的防止 （ bias avoiding） Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 45 二、評價(jià)指標(biāo)選擇的基本原則 (basic principle of evaluate standardization selection) ? 客觀的定量指標(biāo) ? 較高的真實(shí)性和可靠性 ? 易于觀察和測量且易于為受試者所接受 ? objective ? validity and reliability ? acceptability and easy observe Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 46 %100?? 治療的總例數(shù)治療有效例數(shù)有效率%100?? 治療人數(shù)治愈人數(shù)治愈率%100?? 某病受治療人數(shù)因某病死亡人數(shù)病死率%100NNN ?? 年的病例數(shù)隨訪滿 年存活的病例數(shù)年生存率三、實(shí)驗(yàn)效果的主要評價(jià)指標(biāo) (evaluate standardization of efficacy of experiment ) Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 47 %100?? 檢查總?cè)藬?shù)抗體陽性人數(shù)抗體陽性率率死亡實(shí)驗(yàn)組發(fā)病率死亡對照組發(fā)病)()(?效果指數(shù) Index of effectiveness， IE cml o g 2 ?））＝（抗體幾何平均滴度（ A n t iG M TDepartment of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 48 四、研究中的倫理問題 (ethics in the research) ? 研究必須具有科研依據(jù) ? 公平選擇研究對象 ? 獲得社區(qū)的知情同意 ? “ 延誤 ” 的問題 ? “ 善后 ” 處理 ? Must be scientific ? Select object fairly ? Have permission to know the fact ? Delay problem ? Try our best to do the finishingup Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 49 第四節(jié) 實(shí)驗(yàn)流行病學(xué)優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) Advantage and Limitation Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 50 優(yōu)點(diǎn) （ Advantage） ? 為前瞻性研究，不存在回憶偏倚 ? 研究對象是隨機(jī)抽樣，隨機(jī)分組，均衡性較好，具有較高的可比性，減少了混雜偏倚 ? 隨訪將每個研究對象的反應(yīng)和結(jié)局，實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組同步比較，檢驗(yàn)假設(shè)的能力強(qiáng) ? Prospective study, no recall bias ? Minimize confounding bias due to randomized study subject, better heterogeneity ? Powerful ability to test the hypothesis due to the experimental group and control group parable Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 51 ? 條件要求高、難度較大，在實(shí)際工作中有時(shí)難以做到 ? 費(fèi)時(shí)間、費(fèi)人力、花費(fèi)高 ? 研究對象代表性不夠，影響實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果推論到總體 ? 研究人群數(shù)量較大，隨訪時(shí)間長，依從性不易做得很好，影響實(shí)驗(yàn)效應(yīng)的評價(jià) ? 失訪 缺點(diǎn) （ limitation） ? Hard to work due to strict requirement ? time, money and manpower consuming ? Deficient representativeness to inference to total population ? Need large population, long time to follow up, difficult to keep pliance and influence the effect ? Loss of follow up Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 52 謝 謝 Thank You
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