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for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else. ? 分析 : 該句共有三層含義 : ? A: 人們不敢出門 。 ? B: 盡管警察已接到命令 , 要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況 。 ? C: 警察也和其他人一樣不知所措和無能為力。 ? 在這三層含義中 , B表示讓步 , C表示原因 , 而 A則表示結(jié)果 , 按照漢語習(xí)慣順序 , 我們作如下的安排 : ? 盡管警察已接到命令 , 要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況 , 但人們不敢出門 , 因?yàn)榫煲埠推渌艘粯硬恢牒蜔o能為力。 83 practice ? I wondered how she would feelif she learned that the Negrobefore whom she had behaved in such an unladylike mannerwas in fact a white man. 84 長句翻譯的操作方法: 理順原句內(nèi)部關(guān)系,理出句中包含的各語義點(diǎn) ? I wondered ( 1) how she would feel( 2)if she learned that the Negro( 3) before whom she had behaved in such an unladylike manner( 4) was in fact a white man( 3) . ? 我心中思忖 ( 1) ? 不知她作何感想( 2) ? 倘若得知這個黑人其實(shí)是白人時( 3) ? 在一個黑人面前表現(xiàn)得如此有失女士風(fēng)度( 4) ? 我心中思襯( 1),在一個黑人面前表現(xiàn)得如此有失女士風(fēng)度( 4),倘若得知這個黑人其實(shí)是白人時( 3),不知她作何感想( 2)。 85 ? 英語習(xí)慣于用長的句子表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的概念, 漢語不同,常常使用若干短句,清晰簡潔地表達(dá), ? 在進(jìn)行長句翻譯時,要特別注意英語和漢語之間的差異,一般采取下列方法 86 順序法 /順譯法 ? 當(dāng)英語長句所敘述的一連串動作基本上是按動作發(fā)生的時間先后等邏輯關(guān)系安排的, 這與漢語表達(dá)方法比較一致,因此翻譯時可按照原文順序譯出。 87 ? 例 .If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are mon to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. ? 譯文:如果你是你談話對象集體中的一員,你就可以 設(shè)身處地 了解你們所有人共有的經(jīng)歷和問題,你可以對食堂極難吃的食物或者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在選擇領(lǐng)帶方面差勁的品味進(jìn)行評頭論足。 88 practice ? After years of harbouring tens of thousands of illegal foreign workers, Taiwan is gradually opening its doors to legal labourers from Southeast Asia in an effort to relieve a chronic manpower shortage. ? 許多年中 ,臺灣曾容留了成千上萬的非法外來勞工 .現(xiàn)在它正逐漸打開門戶 ,接納 來自東南亞的合法勞工 ,以努力緩解島內(nèi)勞動力的長期短缺 . 89 逆序法 /逆譯法 ? 有些英語長句的表達(dá)次序與漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣 不同,甚至完全相反,這時就必須從原文后 面譯起,逆著原文的順序翻譯,進(jìn)一步解釋。 也就是說在英語中,許多定語、狀語修飾語 常放于被修飾語的后面,在譯成漢語時,我 們習(xí)慣把它們放在修飾語之前 90 ? 例 .International affiliates國際分公司account for a fast growing segment of production in economies that open up and wele foreign investment. ? 譯文:在那些對外開放并歡迎外資的國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)中,國際分公司在經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)中所占份額也在快速增長。 91 ? From radioactive water and soil around a nuclearweapons plant in Colorado to manmade deserts in Soviet Central Asia, the world is peppered with examples of what poor education or unneighborly attitudes can do to the pla that must feed and clothe us all. ? 如果人們受教育不夠或不能善待環(huán)境,他們會對人類 賴以生存 的這個星球做出些什么事來呢?全世界到處都有這樣的例子:從科羅拉多州核武器工廠周圍幅射活躍的水土到原蘇聯(lián)中亞地區(qū)的人為沙漠。(逆譯法) 92 綜合法 ? 實(shí)際上,在翻譯一個英語長句時,并不只是單純地使用一種翻譯方法,因?yàn)橛行┯⒄Z長句順譯或逆譯都不合適,分譯也有困難,單純地使用一種譯法不能譯出地道的漢語,此時就應(yīng)仔細(xì)琢磨,或按時間先,或按邏輯順序,順逆結(jié)合,有主有次地進(jìn)行綜合處理。 93 ? It would take me an entire book to list( 1) all of the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people( 2) , but who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends( 3) usually serving as problemsolvers, and widely respected and loved( 4) . ? 我畢生認(rèn)識了許多人,他們一生中大部分時間都是單身( 2),但在朋友群中卻無可非議地是個核心人物( 3)。他們經(jīng)常幫人解決問題,廣受尊敬,廣受愛戴( 4)。要把這些人的姓名一一列出的話,恐怕要寫一本書( 1) 94 practice ? Many manmade substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products can not meet our everincreasing requirement, or more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance合成材料 , which is the mon name for manmade materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied. 95 ? Many manmade substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products can not meet our everincreasing requirement, or more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance, which is the mon name for manmade materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied. ? 合成材料通常稱為人造材料。許多人造材料正逐步取代某些天然材料,這或許是因?yàn)樘烊恢破返臄?shù)量不能滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L的需求,但更多的則是因?yàn)槿藗兛粗辛撕铣刹牧系哪撤N物理性能,并充分發(fā)揮這些性能,以便使合成材料在其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中最大限度地發(fā)揮作用。(綜合法) 96 分句轉(zhuǎn)換 97 ? 分句轉(zhuǎn)換是指一種英語分句翻譯成漢語時轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種分句 ,例如: (1) They felt that it was much easier and safer to rob their own people, for they knew that white policemen never really searched diligently for Negroes who mitted crimes against other Negroes. ? 他們覺得搶劫他們的同種人要安全得多,因?yàn)樗麄冎溃?如果 黑人侵犯的是黑人 ,白人警察便從來不認(rèn)真搜捕。 ? (定語從句 條件狀語從句) 98 ? But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and – until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he overreached himself – an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich. ? 然而,如果沒有阿道夫 希特勒,那就幾乎可以肯定不會有第三帝國。因?yàn)榘⒌婪?希特勒有著惡魔般的性格、花崗石般的意志、不可思議的本能、無情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深遠(yuǎn)的想象力以及對人和局勢驚人的判斷力。這種判斷力最后由于權(quán)力和勝利沖昏了頭腦,終于弄巧成拙。 99