【導(dǎo)讀】1．工程建設(shè)的一般程序中，環(huán)節(jié)屬于建設(shè)準(zhǔn)備階段。2．股份有限公司的企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)歸。4．項(xiàng)目在計(jì)算期內(nèi)凈現(xiàn)值為零時(shí)的折現(xiàn)率成為。5．雜現(xiàn)行稅收制度中，耕地占用稅從。6．下列屬于國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)中經(jīng)濟(jì)參數(shù)的是。7．反映項(xiàng)目動(dòng)態(tài)盈利能力的指標(biāo)是。8．我國(guó)工程建設(shè)領(lǐng)域通常所說(shuō)的“三算”是指。9．發(fā)布招標(biāo)文件前應(yīng)完成的工作是。察項(xiàng)目的效率和費(fèi)用。4．動(dòng)態(tài)投資回收期小于項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)壽命期，則認(rèn)為項(xiàng)目不能接受。6．建設(shè)定額的科學(xué)性表現(xiàn)在：定額由國(guó)家編制和發(fā)布。9．預(yù)測(cè)具有科學(xué)性、近似性和局部性的特點(diǎn)。⑤竣工驗(yàn)收，交付。②進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究。⑤完成可行性研究報(bào)告的編制。設(shè)地點(diǎn)的初步設(shè)想。財(cái)務(wù)內(nèi)部收益率、財(cái)務(wù)凈現(xiàn)值、財(cái)務(wù)凈現(xiàn)值率、投資回收期等指標(biāo)，和財(cái)務(wù)內(nèi)部收益率。②部門機(jī)會(huì)研究，即選定一個(gè)部門為研究范圍。②生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃部門根據(jù)它編制施工計(jì)劃、安排生產(chǎn)、統(tǒng)計(jì)工資計(jì)劃。標(biāo)文件；④編制標(biāo)底；

　　

【正文】 a starting height of 6 ft ( m) measured from the bottom of the ball. The factory must test the balls, and the air pressure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. During the intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere mands considerable attention. Basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. On December 1, 1891, in Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith hung two halfbushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and outlined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Men39。s Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (18611939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the handeye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismith39。s five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players。 the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the anization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players。 smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMCA lost interest in supporting the game because 1020 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in the United States, five of Naismith39。s original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893。 England in 1894。 Australia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900。 and Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. The first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948。 its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. The rulesetters came from several groups early in the 1900s. Colleges and universities established their rules mittees in 1905, the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. A Joint Rules Committee for colleges, the AAU, and the YMCA was created in 1915, and, under the name the National Basketball Committee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federation of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rulemaking responsibilities for junior colleges, 10 colleges, and the Armed Forces, with a similar mittee holding jurisdiction over women39。s basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem AbdulJabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The women39。s game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the men39。s game. Television interest followed the women as well with broadcast of NCAA championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the WNBA in 1997. Internationally, Italy has probably bee the leading basketball nation outside of the United States, with national, corporate, and professional teams. The Olympics boosts basketball internationally and has also spurred the women39。s game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional men39。s basketball league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a pergame basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the everchanging players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was anized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was anized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that