【導(dǎo)讀】1955年，全國(guó)文字改革會(huì)議確立了推廣普通話。1956年，中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布《關(guān)于。推廣普通話的指示》?，F(xiàn)代中國(guó)主要有七大方言：官話、吳語(yǔ)、粵語(yǔ)、閩語(yǔ)、湘語(yǔ)、客。隨著推廣普通話運(yùn)動(dòng)半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)的大力實(shí)施，中國(guó)各方言使用區(qū)內(nèi)部。有許多較小地區(qū)的本土方言已經(jīng)開(kāi)始萎縮甚至消失。專(zhuān)家們指出，大多數(shù)漢語(yǔ)方言會(huì)。逐漸瀕?；蛳?，能長(zhǎng)久保存的將是幾個(gè)大城市的方言，如上海方言、粵語(yǔ)等。化是非常重要的。歐美國(guó)家的前提下，我國(guó)已有一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家著手于研究各個(gè)地區(qū)方言的特征。李如龍指出，方言的萎縮、語(yǔ)言的統(tǒng)一。第四部分將探討這一現(xiàn)象的原因。最后一部分將提出一些保護(hù)中國(guó)方言多樣性的具體。問(wèn)題將在本文中得到回答，希望能為中國(guó)方言學(xué)研究獻(xiàn)出綿薄之力。中國(guó)是一個(gè)幅員遼闊的國(guó)家，其各地區(qū)的方言呈現(xiàn)出百花齊放之態(tài)。這些材料對(duì)于漢語(yǔ)史以及地域文化的研究是。作者提出了一些實(shí)用的對(duì)策和應(yīng)對(duì)方法，希望能對(duì)中國(guó)方言學(xué)研究做出些許

　　

【正文】 5。n bǎ zhuō zi yi ca. (Please wipe the table.) Nōu dao wo er bao dong. → Lī dao wo er bao dong. (Stand there and don’t move.) Li232。 yuan! → Shān yuan! (Stay away!) Ku242。 mo jin er si ge q237。ng tiān. → Gū j236。 jin er si ge q237。ng tiān. (I think it is sunny today.) Bao r225。ng 232。. → Bao rī long 232。. (Don not tease me.) (Lan, 2020) Those examples shows that the verbs appear in modern Guanzhong dialect are also used in Putonghua. As time goes by there won’t be an obvious boundary in vocabulary between the modern Guanzhong dialect and Putonghua. 3. Adverbial 201。 y232。 g232。 er j236。n ch233。ng lie. → 201。 zu243。 tiān j236。n ch233。ng lie. (Yesterday I went downtown.) M237。ng er g232。 z225。i l224。ng zou. → M237。ng tiān z225。i l224。ng zou. (How about hanging out tomorrow?) Wo d236。 fāng lǎo yuǎn lǎo yuǎn di. → Wo d236。 fāng yuǎn dī hěn. (That is so far.) Z225。i z? mǎn g242。ng si jǐ g232。 r233。n? → Z225。i z? yī g242。ng si jǐ g232。 r233。n. (How many people are there in our group?) (Lan, 2020) 201。 224。n měng zi q236。 y243。u g232。 yǒng. → 201。 ǒu ěr q236。 y243。u g232。 yǒng. (Sometimes I go swimming) Nǐ zǎ zǐ m225。ng xiě b249。 w225。n zu242。 y232。? → Nǐ zǎ h225。i me xiě w225。n zu242。 y232。? (Why haven’t you finish the homework?) Nǐ ch225。o t243。u zǒu. / Nǐ t243。u li zǒu. → Nǐ xiān zǒu. (You first.) An mā gěi 233。 dān l236。ng z242。u lie d249。n f224。n. → An mā gěi 233。 l236。ng w224。i z242。u lie d249。n f224。n. (My mather cooked another meal for me.) Nǐ zǎ kě 232。 lie? → Nǐ zǎ y242。u 232。 lie? (Why are you hungry again?) 10 Those examples of modern Guanzhong dialect let the readers clearly know there is a phenomenon that people tend to anize the sentences according to Putonghua’s grammar, but speak them out with Guanzhong accent. That is why so many formal expressions from standard Putonghua could be accepted by dialects. 4. Adjective Jīng shēn zi → Guāng shēn zi (Naked) M lu224。n hěn. → F225。n dī hěn.(So annoying.) Jiān sēng diǎn. → Ji233。 yuē diǎn. (Don’t waste!) ěr b232。i → ěr l243。ng (Deaf) 201。 f225。 ren. → 201。 k249。n ren. (I am tired.) Zh232。 chē me m225。 da. → Zh232。 chē me w232。n t237。. (This car is good.) Dǔ chē ni, gu224。i s224。 w225。 c237。 lie. → Dǔ chē ni, gu224。i b249。 d233。i w225。 c237。 lie. (There bing a traffic jam, that’s why he was late.) Lǎo wǎn → Hǎi wǎn (The big bowl) (Lan, 2020) The adjectives of traditional Guanzhong dialect is very unique and specific and which is hard for Putonghuaspeakers to understand. But most of the adjectives of modern Guanzhong dialect are nationwaide words and which could also be found in standard Putonghua. 5. Numeral and Classifier Zh233。i 232。r ni225。n → Zh233。i jǐ ni225。n (These years) A nationwide word is a nationwide word because it could be understood in the whole country. Although the specific words of traditional Guanzhong dialect still remain, more and more formal words of standard Putonghua have crowded in people’s life. This is especially obvious in the use of noun, verb and adjective. The author holds the opinion that dialectspeakers gradully prefer nationwide words to specific words. C. Pronunciation: From Weird Sound to Common Sound Since the dialect and Putonghua are used in the same time. Written language is gradually close to the spoken language and increasingly impacts the oral language. Social life of different regions getting more and more similar together with the 11 gradually weakening regional features(Chambers, 1998). Some dialects’ pronunciation has also begun to draw closer to Putonghua. In other words, the pronunciation starts to change from weird sound to mon sound. f → sh Huǒ f232。i → Hě shu236。 (To drink) K224。n fū → K224。n shū (To read) pf → ch Pfū qi → Chū qi (Go out) D224。 pf233。i → D224。 chu237。 (To fight) Pi224。n h225。n pf225。n → Pi224。n xi225。n chu225。n (To chat) Bǎ tu236。 ji224。o pfān gěi z225。 lie. → Bǎ tu236。 ji224。o zhuān gěi z225。 lie. (My leg was hit by bricks.) After all, modern Guanzhong dialect is not that far from Putonghua in pronunciation. Since Putonghua is spoken by more and more people who ued to speak Guanzhong dialect, it is not strange to find that the weird sound has been replaced by the mon sound. IV. The Causes of the Loss In the following part the author will talk about two main causes of the loss of Chinese dialects’ diversity. A. Promotion of Putonghua There are some processes showing that how the dialects have been influenced by Putonghua. For example, first, people from a developing area may want to imitate the strong dialect of nearby area. Then, the dialect of that developing area gradually learn particular element from the strong dialect. In the mean time, Chinese Putonghua gradually expands its influence in the big cities. Inevitably, Putonghua could take its vocabulary element to every strong dialect. Several years later, all kinds of dialect will absorb the features of Putonghua in pronunciation and vocabulary. Which means the dialects are also increasingly unlike the original dialects, but like Putonghua more. B. The Power of Strong Dialects There are some developed regions, like southeast part of China and the capital. 12 The cities are popular in China while spreading their dialects to entertainment industry. Like Cantonese, northeast dialect, Shanghai dialect, and Beijing dialect. A lot of people rush to these areas and start to imitate those dialects. That is a trend people could not prevent. The author will state this issue from two parts. 1. From Small Cities to Big Cities Now in China, a lot of migrant workers go to big cities to make a living. Big cities have a vast territory and huge population. For those migrant workers, they gradually drop their field as well as old house, and prefer to acquire a practical skill. The capital of their province is attractive for the people from small cities. The dialect of that provincial capit