【正文】 ....... 20 1 Introduction The promotion of Putonghua has always been a controversial issue. China has 56 nationalities, and each of them has their own language. Besides, the Han people from different places have their own dialect. Before the promotion campaign of Putonghua, taking Qing Dynasty (16441911) for example, the average people from different provinces couldn’t understand each other. On the contrary, the officials of the Qing government had to acquire the ability to speak Mandarin so that they could municate with the emperor and other officials. Qing government expressly provided that juren, shengyuan, gongjian and tongsheng (the scholars of ancient China who had different ranks), who didn’t understand Mandarin, were not allowed to be sent to national tests (Yi, 2020). After the promotion campaign of Putonghua, each province in China has a standard spoken language. This promotion campaign really helps a lot in the munication and cooperation of different areas. It is also an awesome way to ensure the nation’s reunification as well as unity of the 56 nationalities. That’s the advantage which we can’t deny. China, as a country vast in land area, has various and diverse dialects. Dialect, as a part of the civilization, shows the customs of different parts in China. The sooner the promotion campaign of Putonghua, the faster the Chinese dialects fade away. Generally speaking, there are 7 main dialects area in China: Mandarin area, Wu dialect area, Cantonese area, Min dialect area, Xiang dialect area, Kejia dialect area, and Gan dialect area. Actually, Putonghua is based on Beijing pronunciation, and its basic dialect is mandarin (Yuan, 1983). Since Putonghua promoting to all over China, most school teachers have been expected to give lessons in Putonghua, except those aging teachers who could hardly change their accent. Consequently, a lot of students start putting Putonghua first and dialect second. After all, the seven main dialects, except for mandarin, are only frequently used in specific areas. Meantime they are constantly impacted by themselves (Yuan, 1983). In recent years, many studies have focused on the loss of Chinese dialects’ diversity, and many anizations and experts have made efforts to protect the diversity. After all, we have to admit that dialects’ 2 atrophy and the unity of the language has bee the trend of the times that no one can stop (Li, 2020). Yuan (1983) stated that in a long period, standardization of Chinese went with the concentration of dialects. The various dialects would also continue to exist and play a role, as well as obeying and enriching Chinese national language. And finally, they would disappear in the national language. After reading the literature on Chinese dialectology, the author finds that most of the experts did not describe the exact impact of the promotion campaign of Putonghua, especially the impact on the vocabulary and grammar of typical dialects. Moreover, most of the researches was limited to pure dialects’ research, so the relationships between dialects and culture were rarely studied (Li, 2020). What’s more, there were not many specific solutions to improving the loss of Chinese dialects’ diversity. The author want to prove that the popularity of Putonghua has already brought negative effects on Chinese dialects’ diversity. Focusing on that point, the author aims at telling readers how to improve the current situation from the Chinese government, the society, as well as the average people. The vocabulary and grammar changes of one specific dialect will also be talked about in this paper. In this way, the author hopes this paper could contribute a little to the protection and vocabulary territory of Chinese dialectology. Since this paper refers to some examples in spoken language together with definite ways to improve the current situation of Chinese dialects, the author chooses the qualitative research method and the parative approach. This paper is divided into five parts. In the first part, the current situation of Putonghua’s popularity will be stated. Next, the author will focus on the loss of Chinese dialects’ diversity. In the third part, the concrete changes of Guanzhong dialect in grammar and vocabulary will be described. The author will argue the causes of the loss in the fourth part. The last part will describe the definite ways to protect Chinese dialects’ diversity from different aspects. I. The Current Situation of Putonghua’s Promotion Putonghua’s promotion was determined by the Committee of National Language Reform in the year of 1955. 3 As an old saying goes: “When there are no rules, there are no standards.” So in Qin dynasty (221206 .), Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of Qin, unified the six feudal kingdoms, promoted the same characters, and made seal script the official written language of the whole country. In Qing dynasty (16441911), the Han officials still kept the former dynasty’s language, the Mandarin of Ming dynasty (13681644). Although the Manchu officials spoke their Man language, most of them were imitating Beijing Mandarin of Han people after they entered the capital Beijing. The Beijing dialect was mixed with special elements of Manchu language. This mixed pronunciation is the former form of standard Beijing pronunciation (Yi, 2020). During the period of Republic of China (19121949), in order to unite all the peoples, Chinese government started to advocate Guoyu movement. In 1909, the Qing government established the Mandarin Editorial Committee. It was the first time that the mon Mandarin was officially named “Mandarin”. In 1919, the New Culture Movement was spread to many big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou. This movement focused on the use of Chinese vernacular in literature works. This act also helped Beijing Mandarin spread to the who