【正文】 le China. Then the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. In 1950, the State Publishing Department initiated the preparation of “Xinhua Dictionary”, a small modern authoritative dictionary. There are traditional and simplified characters as well as Pinyin in this dictionary. In 1960, the trial edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary was published. This is China’s first Mandarin dictionary. China’s State Council published “The instructions of the State Council on the promotion of Putonghua” in the year 1956. The definition of “Putong” means mon and general. Actually, Putonghua is based on Beijing pronunciation, and its basic dialect is Mandarin. The classic and regular vernacular work is Putonghua’s grammar specification (Chao, 2020), for example, Kuang Ren Ri Ji/ A Madman’s Diary by Lu Xun. After all, no one in ancient China successfully promoted a mon spoken language. In this aspect, new China has achieved unprecedented progress. After so many years of promotion on the national mon language, some informal sayings have been replaced by Putonghua’s vocabulary. Since Putonghua has 4 been spread to more and more regions in China, the citizens who live in dialects’ regions have gradually accepted the new expressions. With the improvement of people’s educational level as well as the development of national economy, some written vocabulary has flowed into spoken language. That’s another manifestation of Putonghua’s impact on dialect (Ye amp。作者提出了一些實(shí)用的對(duì)策和應(yīng)對(duì)方法，希望能對(duì)中國(guó)方言學(xué)研究做出些許貢獻(xiàn)。而方言中保存了大量古漢 語的成分，以及不少俗字、簡(jiǎn)字。最后一部分將提出一些保護(hù)中國(guó)方言多樣性的具體方法。 本文擬分為五個(gè)部分，首先介紹普通話普及之現(xiàn)狀。 在中國(guó)方言使用的范圍逐漸縮小的形勢(shì)下，以及中國(guó)對(duì)于本土方言的研究落后于歐美國(guó)家的前提下，我國(guó)已有一些語言學(xué)家著手于研究各個(gè)地區(qū)方言的特征?，F(xiàn)代中國(guó)主要有七大方言：官話、吳語、粵語、閩語、湘語、客家話和贛語。 1956 年，中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布《關(guān)于推廣普通話的指示》。因此對(duì)中國(guó)方言多樣性流失的研究已急需開展，這對(duì)于保護(hù)中國(guó)語言文化以及地方風(fēng)俗文化是非常重要的。這些專家學(xué)者們主編的書目為本 論文在近半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，普通話對(duì)中國(guó)方言的影響以及方言在語法和詞匯特征上的的變化研究提供了珍貴的資料。第四部分將探討這一現(xiàn)象的原因。然而在新中國(guó)成立以后，普通話推廣運(yùn)動(dòng)迅速在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)展開，使得許多方言逐漸消失其獨(dú)特性，其語音、詞匯和語法都不斷向普通話靠攏。本文從五個(gè)方面入手，主要使用比較與舉例的方法，著重分析了某特定方言在普通話推廣半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來發(fā)生的明顯變化，指出了如何應(yīng)對(duì)中國(guó)方言多樣性逐漸流失這一趨勢(shì)。 Putonghua’s promotion。o. → 200。n dē zu236。n le. (You offended the other.) Jīn tiān lǐ b224。i sān? (Is today Wednesday?) Bǎ r233。ng sǐ r233。n le g232。 l224。: a. T224。n: a. R225。i r225。 lie. (The watch is out of order.) b. 201。ng ping jiǔ (Alcohol) (Hu, 2020) L243。 tu243。ng mǎ lie! → 200。ng → Cei suo (Toilet) Z224。ng (Kitchen) Shǎng wǔ f224。n zi (Wheel) Lǎo h224。 zi w225。 da. → Zh232。i hu236。 t225。 er h225。 du237。ng ji224。ng dǎ zhe lie me? → Bǎ f225。i? → Ni zǎo s233。ng bu? (Is that OK?) Gěi z225。 mo jin er si ge q237。ng 232。 g232。 zu243。ng er g232。ng tiān z225。 fāng yuǎn dī hěn. (That is so far.) Z225。n? → Z225。n. (How many people are there in our group?) (Lan, 2020) 201。u g232。u g232。n zu242。n zu242。u zǒu. / Nǐ t243。u lie d249。ng w224。n. (My mather cooked another meal for me.) Nǐ zǎ kě 232。 lu224。i → ěr l243。 k249。 chē me w232。 w225。 d233。i 232。n (These years) A nationwide word is a nationwide word because it could be understood in the whole country. Although the specific words of traditional Guanzhong dialect still remain, more and more formal words of standard Putonghua have crowded in people’s life. This is especially obvious in the use of noun, verb and adjective. The author holds the opinion that dialectspeakers gradully prefer nationwide words to specific words. C. Pronunciation: From Weird Sound to Common Sound Since the dialect and Putonghua are used in the same time. Written language is gradually close to the spoken language and increasingly impacts the oral language. Social life of different regions getting more and more similar together with the 11 gradually weakening regional features(Chambers, 1998). Some dialects’ pronunciation has also begun to draw closer to Putonghua. In other words, the pronunciation starts to change from weird sound to mon sound. f → sh Huǒ f232。n shū (To read) pf → ch Pfū qi → Chū qi (Go out) D224。 (To fight) Pi224。n xi225。o pfān gěi z225。 lie. (My leg was hit by bricks.) After all, modern Guanzhong dialect is not that far from Putonghua in pronunciation. Since Putonghua is spoken by more and more people who ued to speak Guanzhong dialect, it is not strange to find that the weird sound has been replaced by the mon sound. IV. The Causes of the Loss In the following part the author will talk about two main causes of the loss of Chinese dialects’ diversity. A. Promotion of Putonghua There are some processes showing that how the dialects have been influenced by Putonghua. For example, first, people from a developing area may want to imitate the strong dialect of nearby area. Then, the dialect of that developing area gradually learn particular element from the strong dialect. In the mean time, Chinese Putonghua gradually expands its influence in the big cities. Inevitably, Putonghua could take its vocabulary element to every strong dialect. Several years later, all kinds of dialect will absorb the features of Putonghua in pronunciation and vocabulary. Which means the dialects are also increasingly unlike the original dialects, but like Putonghua more. B. The Power of Strong Dialects There are some developed regions, like southeast part of China and the capital. 12 The cities are popular in China while spreading their dialects to entertainment industry. Like Cantonese, northeast dialect, Shanghai dialect, and Beijing dialect. A lot of people rush to these areas and start to imitate those dialects. That is a trend people could not prevent. The author will state this issue from two parts. 1. From Small Cities to Big Cities Now in China, a lot of migrant workers go to big cities to make a living. Big cities have a vast territory and huge population. For those migrant workers, they gradually drop their field as well as old house, and prefer to acquire a practical skill. The capital of their province is attractive for the people from small cities. The dialect of that provincial capit