【導(dǎo)讀】貿(mào)易術(shù)語又稱價格術(shù)語。國際貿(mào)易中，買賣雙方所承擔的義務(wù)，會影響到商品的價格。在長期的國際貿(mào)易實。干種報價的模式。在交接貨物方面彼此所承擔的責(zé)任、費用和風(fēng)險的劃分。化了交易磋商的手續(xù)，縮短了成交時間。約中可能產(chǎn)生的某些爭議。貿(mào)易術(shù)語時，由于對貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋的不同，因而會出現(xiàn)矛盾和分歧。而形成為國際貿(mào)易慣例，并受到各國廣泛的歡迎和使用。它對貿(mào)易雙方不具有強制性，故買賣雙方有權(quán)在合同中作出與某項慣例不符的規(guī)定。掌握有關(guān)國際貿(mào)易慣例的知識，可以幫助我們避免或減少貿(mào)易爭端。具體義務(wù)，并沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)定和解釋。制定了關(guān)于CIF合同的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則，稱之為《1928年華沙規(guī)則》，共包括22條。此規(guī)則修訂為2l條，并更名為《1932年華沙一牛津規(guī)則》，沿用至今。易會議上對該條例作了修訂，命名為《1941年美國對外貿(mào)易定義修訂本》。有明顯的差異，所以，在與北美國家進行交易時應(yīng)加以注意。這是由國際商會制定并進行過多次修訂。雙方均有約束力；

　　

【正文】 glishMETHODS OF DELIVERY IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE INCOTERMS 2020 EXW Ex Works (... named place) means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller39。s premises or another named place (. works, factory, warehouse, etc.) not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle. This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller, and the buyer has to bear all costs 《 2020 年貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》釋義及講解 26 and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller39。s premises FCA Free Carrier (... named place) means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. It should be noted that the chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place. If delivery occurs at the seller39。s premises, the seller is responsible for loading. If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport. FAS Free Alongside Ship (... named port of shipment) means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment. The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. FOB Free On Board (... named port of shipment) means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship39。s rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship39。s rail, the FCA term should be used. CFR Cost and Freight (... named port of destination) means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship39。s rail in the port of shipment. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship39。s rail, the CPT term should be used. CIF Cost,Insurance and Freight (... named port of destination) m ans that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship39。s rail in the port of shipment. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination .The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport. If the 《 2020 年貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》釋義及講解 27 parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship39。s rail, the CIP term should be used. CPT Carriage Paid To (... named place of destination) means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. This means that the buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so subsequent carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination, the risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier. The CPT term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport including multimodal transport. CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To (... named place of destination) means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. This means that the buyer bears all risks and any additional costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered. However, in CIP the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer39。s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance subsequent carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination, the risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier. The CIP term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport including multimodal transport. DAF Delivered At Frontier (... named place) means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport not unloaded, cleared for export, but not cleared for import at the named point and place at the frontier, but before the customs border of the adjoining country. The term 171。frontier187。 may be used for any frontier including that of the country of export. Therefore, it is of vital importance that the frontier in question be defined precisely by always naming the point and place in the term. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport when goods are to be delivered at a land frontier. When delivery is to take place in the port of destination, on board a vessel or on the quay (wharf), the DES or DEQ terms should be used. 《 2020 年貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》釋義及講解 28 DES Delivered Ex Ship (... named port of destination) means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship not cleared for import at the named port of seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the nam