中級(jí)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)unemployment-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-08-12 19:58本頁(yè)面
【導(dǎo)讀】什么是自然失業(yè)率?，F(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，自然失業(yè)率表現(xiàn)？經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)中的平均失業(yè)率.在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退時(shí)期，實(shí)際失業(yè)率高于自。穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的條件:. 勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)和自然失業(yè)率。假設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)中有2300名就業(yè)工人，200名失業(yè)工?？偩蜆I(yè)人數(shù)以及自然失業(yè)率是多少？旨在減少自然失業(yè)率的政策取得。這種情況甚至在工資是完全彈性和有很多的。工人在地區(qū)間的流動(dòng)不是即時(shí)的。工作崗位空缺和尋找工作勞動(dòng)者之間的信息是不。example:一項(xiàng)新國(guó)際貿(mào)易協(xié)定造成了對(duì)出口部。1970s的能源危機(jī)導(dǎo)致了從大排量汽車生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向了。小排量企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)。2020s,就業(yè)最多的是汽車，飛機(jī)，通信。在經(jīng)濟(jì)中，小規(guī)模的部門轉(zhuǎn)移不斷發(fā)生，都會(huì)。公共再就業(yè)培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃，幫助衰退行業(yè)中的工人獲得。勞動(dòng)者在丟掉工作后，可以在有限期限內(nèi)。德國(guó)的社會(huì)福利制度非常關(guān)心失業(yè)者，已婚者平均每月可領(lǐng)取900美元的支票。德國(guó)9月份失業(yè)猛。德國(guó)高成本的福利是其勞動(dòng)成本在全世界最高的
【正文】 by Boomers年輕 . 年輕的工人頻繁的換工作 (s很高 ). ?從 1980s后期到現(xiàn)在 : Baby Boomers 變老了 . 中年的工人很少換工作 (s很低 ). 40 slide 40 Unemployment in Europe, 19602020 Percent of labor force Italy Germany France . 0 3 6 9 12 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2020 2020 41 The rise in European Unemployment 兩種解釋 : 1. 慷慨的失業(yè)津貼和強(qiáng)有力的工會(huì)支持 2. 由于技術(shù)革新，對(duì)勞動(dòng)力需求從低技能勞動(dòng)者轉(zhuǎn)移至技能勞動(dòng)者。 兩者之間的工資差距擴(kuò)大。 42 Percent of workers covered by collective bargaining United States 18% United Kingdom 47 Switzerland 53 Spain 68 Sweden 83 Germany 90 France 92 Austria 98 43 Chapter summary 1. The natural rate of unemployment ? the longrun average or “steady state” rate of unemployment ? depends on the rates of job separation and job finding 2. Frictional unemployment ? due to the time it takes to match workers with jobs ? may be increased by unemployment insurance 44 Chapter summary 3. Structural unemployment ? results from wage rigidity the real wage remains above the equilibrium level ? causes: minimum wage, unions, efficiency wages 4. Duration of unemployment ? most spells are short term ? but most weeks of unemployment are attributable to a small number of longterm unemployed persons 45 Chapter summary 5. Behavior of the natural rate in the . ? rose from 1950s to early 1980s, then fell ? possible explanations: trends in real minimum wage, union membership, prevalence of sectoral shifts, and aging of the Baby Boomers 6. European unemployment ? has risen sharply since 1980 ? probably due to generous unemployment insurance there and a technologydriven shift in demand away from unskilled workers 46 習(xí)題 ? 5(選做 ) 、 6
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