【導(dǎo)讀】《ChaseDreamPREP2008邏輯筆記》，本材料版權(quán)屬于ChaseDream網(wǎng)站所有。本材料中的所有內(nèi)容，包括正文、圖片、表格和圖標(biāo)，受中國版權(quán)法和其他國際版權(quán)法的保護(hù)。ChaseDream推出GMAT培訓(xùn)，一方面，很多CDers有這樣的需求，而我們可以做得更好；另一方面，我們希望通過在GMAT培訓(xùn)中所積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和資料用來回饋ChaseDream社區(qū)，為CDers提供更好的幫助。Helr研究出來的這套GMAT解題體系與ChaseDream上廣泛流行的各種方法有著非常大的區(qū)別。這套方法的有效性經(jīng)過Helr自己和非常多CDWorkshop同學(xué)們的驗(yàn)證。Helr的這套方法與傳統(tǒng)的“通過GMAT真題倒推GMAC認(rèn)為什么是對的”不同，而是站在一個(gè)更高的角度“出題者如何設(shè)計(jì)GMAT題目的角度”。幸運(yùn)的是，掌握這套方法，并不需要做Helr那么多的工作。最近有同學(xué)整理CDGMATWorkshop課堂邏輯部分的錄音，寫成筆記，發(fā)布在ChaseDream論壇。Helr收到后很開心，說整理的很用心，許多基本的內(nèi)容都包括在內(nèi)了。我們希望有盡量多的CDers從我們的努力中獲益，這與是否參加培訓(xùn)無關(guān)。不論你是否認(rèn)同，深入的思考，都會讓您在GMAT備考過程中獲益。

　　

【正文】 其他的廚具制造商會認(rèn)為Kitchen雜志是一個(gè)沒什么吸引力的雜志因?yàn)檫@個(gè)雜志的名字被和競爭對手的品牌聯(lián)系在了一起。該選項(xiàng)直接涉及到了因果之間的聯(lián)系問題。也就是說，就算有“因”，結(jié)論中的“果”也不一定可以達(dá)成。因?yàn)镵itchen其他的收入肯定是包括廣告費(fèi)的。屬于CQ1：因果概括問題。D. 那些原本不是Kitchen雜志的訂閱者會被Kitchen雜志的名聲給吸引到廚具上。該選項(xiàng)其實(shí)涉及了冠名之后能帶來的優(yōu)勢。不過這個(gè)選項(xiàng)并非“因”的特點(diǎn)，所以不能成為答案。E. Kitchen雜志是最有聲望的廚房類雜志之一。無論Kitchen雜志是否有名，只要“因”不會帶來現(xiàn)行的收入的減少就不會干擾到結(jié)論的可信度。79. The country of Baurisia has, until now, been selfsufficient in both grain and meat. However, with growing prosperity in Baurisia has e a steadily increasing per capita consumption of meat, and it takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat. Therefore, since per capita ine in Baurisia is almost certain to rise further but increases in domestic grain production are highly unlikely, Baurisia is soon likely to bee an importer of grain.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?A. When people increase their consumption of meat, they also tend to increase their consumption of grain.B. The per capita consumption of meat in Baurisia is roughly the same across all ine levels.C. Per capita consumption of meat has not increased substantially in recent years in those countries from which Baurisia is likely to import meat.D. It is more economical for Baurisians to import meat than grain.E. During Baurisia39。s years of growing prosperity, the country39。s population has remained relatively stable.1. 由問題問法得知，此題是評估類的題目。2. 找到前提和結(jié)論：結(jié)論句是：Baurisia is soon likely to bee an importer of grain.3. 判斷推理模式：通過前提和結(jié)論的關(guān)系，首先可以排除類比，統(tǒng)計(jì)枚舉，和方案推理。又由前提與結(jié)論發(fā)生的邏輯時(shí)間，也就是一個(gè)從事實(shí)向未知推測的一種推理。我們可以知道，前提是因，結(jié)論是果。所以該題目是因果模式推理。 前提（因）是：“幾磅的谷物可以換取一磅的肉，人均需求肉的數(shù)量上升而Baurisia無法種出更多的谷物”結(jié)論（果）是：“Baurisia馬上需要進(jìn)口谷物”4. 找到答案方向：因果模式推理有兩個(gè)CQ：CQ1：因果概括問題。CQ2：干擾因素問題。因果類型的題目，答案選項(xiàng)必須說出一個(gè)因的導(dǎo)致結(jié)論可信度變化的特點(diǎn)或者是直接涉及到因果之間的聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)分析：A. 當(dāng)人們對于肉的需求增長時(shí)，同時(shí)也會對于谷物的有更多的需求。如果人們對肉的需求上升而對谷物的需求下降的話，顯然可以涉及因果之間的聯(lián)系，成為削弱。所以該選項(xiàng)為加強(qiáng)選項(xiàng)。B. 對于所有的收入階層，大家對于肉類的需求都相差無幾。該選項(xiàng)涉及了眾人對于肉的不同需求，雖然涉及了“因”，但是并不是一個(gè)能改變結(jié)論可信度的“因”的特點(diǎn)。C. 那些可能向Baurisia出口肉類的國家本國的肉類人均消耗量沒有增加。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)不涉及Baurisia國的問題，所以不涉及“因”。D. Correct. Baurisia直接進(jìn)口肉類比較進(jìn)口谷物劃算。顯然的，原文中的“因”，可能有兩個(gè)果，一個(gè)是進(jìn)口谷物，另一個(gè)是進(jìn)口肉類。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)涉及到因果的聯(lián)系，屬于CQ1：因果概括問題。E. 在Baurisia變得繁榮的這些年，其人口數(shù)量維持穩(wěn)定。因?yàn)榍疤崾腔谌司鶖?shù)量的，所以該選項(xiàng)涉及“因”的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。如果人口變少，人均增加也不用進(jìn)口，選項(xiàng)說人口不變，所以該選項(xiàng)為加強(qiáng)選項(xiàng)。80. Given that employees of the XYZ Company could, in theory, do their work at home, the pany developed a radical plan to increase efficiency: eliminate officespace expenditures by having employees work at home. To evaluate this plan, XYZ’s managers asked volunteers from the pany’s staff to try the arrangement for six months. There were several volunteers。 significantly, their productivity during this period was as high as or higher than before.Which of the following, if true, would argue most strongly against deciding, on the basis of the trial results, to implement the pany’s plan?A. The employees who agreed to participate in the test of the plan were among the pany’s most selfmotivated and independent workers.B. The savings that would accrue from reduced officespace expenditures alone would be sufficient to justify implementation of the plan apart from any productivity increases.C. Other panies that have achieved successful results from workathome plans have work forces that are substantially larger than that of XYZ.D. The volunteers who worked at home were able to municate with other employees as necessary for performing the work.E. Recent changes in the way work is organized at XYZ’s pany offices have not brought about any productivity increases.1. 由問題問法得知，此題是評估類的題目。2. 找到前提和結(jié)論：其實(shí)本題中的結(jié)論并不明顯，但是通過問題可以得知，是要論證方案達(dá)成了目標(biāo)的。所以結(jié)論句是：”XYZ Company should implement the plan”3. 判斷推理模式：從原文中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的文章的邏輯情況是XYZ的管理員為了去驗(yàn)證這個(gè)方案，找了一些人去試驗(yàn)，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)這些人有很好的辦公效率，所以給出結(jié)論XYZ應(yīng)該用這個(gè)計(jì)劃。首先我們能看出XYZ 有了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，所以考慮一下方案推理，顯然該方案推理被論證過（拿了幾個(gè)人做試驗(yàn)），所以該推理不是方案模式推理。該文段推理的特點(diǎn)前提是幾個(gè)人，而結(jié)論推廣到了公司所有人，符合統(tǒng)計(jì)枚舉推理的特點(diǎn)。 前提：“幾個(gè)志愿者在家辦公的效率比在公司高”結(jié)論：“公司中所有人在家辦公效率都比公司高”4. 找到答案方向：統(tǒng)計(jì)枚舉模式推理有兩個(gè)CQ：CQ1：樣本代表性問題CQ2：樣本數(shù)量問題統(tǒng)計(jì)枚舉推理中， 選項(xiàng)一定要涉及樣本，然后再判斷是否是樣本代表性的問題。注意：樣本是：“參加方案的志愿者”選項(xiàng)分析：A. Correct. 同意參加方案試驗(yàn)的員工都是公司中最獨(dú)立和最自律的員工。該選項(xiàng)涉及了樣本，說的是那些志愿者是沒有代表性的（不能代表大多數(shù)員工）B. 從辦公室支出的減少而積攢下來的錢是足夠可以去判斷是否要用這個(gè)方案了，不需要參考生產(chǎn)率的增加情況。該選項(xiàng)不涉及樣本。C. 其他應(yīng)用在家辦公這個(gè)方案而成功的企業(yè)在工作人數(shù)上都多于XYZ公司的工作人數(shù)。這是一個(gè)XYZ可能不選這個(gè)方案的理由，看起來可以一定程度上去削弱XYZ用方案的可能性，但在這道題目的推理模式下，只有涉及到樣本的選項(xiàng)才能成為備選選項(xiàng)。D. 如果工作中需要，在家辦公的員工是有能力和其他員工交流的。該選項(xiàng)涉及了在家辦公的優(yōu)勢，顯然不是樣本的范圍。E. 現(xiàn)在的XYZ工作方式的變化并沒有帶來任何的產(chǎn)量增加。如果這個(gè)變化指的是以前的，那么并不涉及現(xiàn)在的變化，也就不涉及原文的樣本。如果這個(gè)變化指的是在家工作這個(gè)計(jì)劃，那等于試圖反駁結(jié)論。在CR題目中，反駁結(jié)論是無法削弱原文的。81. In Arumville, among those young children with elevated levels of lead in their blood, few live in houses containing leadbased paint, but many live in areas where vehicular traffic is heavy. These children39。s elevated bloodlead levels probably result from lead added to gasoline, since, although gasoline sold in and around Arumville has been leadfree since 1990, lead from vehicle exhaust remains in the soil for many years.Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?A. Sales of leadbased paint for use in homes was banned in Arumville in 1977.B. Vehicle traffic in most residential areas of Arumville is heavier today than it was twenty years ago.C. Some lead in the soil es from deteriorating leadbased paint on the exteriors of buildings.D. In Arumville, children39。s bloodlead levels typically rise during the warm summer months when children frequently play outdoors but not in the winter when children spend more time indoors.E. If improperly carried out, the removal of leadbased paint from older houses can significantly increase the risk that children living in such houses will ingest lead dust.1. 由問題問法得知，此題是評估類的題目。2. 找到前提和結(jié)論：結(jié)論句是：These children39。s elevated bloodlead levels probably result from lead added to gasoline.3. 判斷推理模式：從原文中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況是一個(gè)時(shí)間上的巧合。前提說首先有一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，汽車多的地方有很多人血液中都有高含量的鉛，而后又給了一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，1990年以前汽油是含鉛的，而且會沉積在土壤中。結(jié)論把這兩件事連在了一起。就是人體中鉛含量高是由于汽油中的鉛導(dǎo)致的。顯然，前提當(dāng)中是時(shí)間上的巧合，而結(jié)論中認(rèn)為是因果關(guān)系，本題屬于相關(guān)因果推理。問的是加強(qiáng)