醋酸生產(chǎn)外文翻譯-資料下載頁
2025-05-11 15:12本頁面
【導讀】為食用醋主要成分，故名。高純度的醋酸于16℃。左右即凝結成似冰片狀結晶．故常稱冰醋酸。其蒸汽易著火，能和空氣形成。合物的醋酸鹽為木材膠,連同合成物質纖維和織物。在家庭中，沖淡的醋酸。時常在去銹處理被人使用。在食用醋酸常被添加在食物中當做酸味調味劑被。醋酸的全球的使用量每年大約六百五十萬公噸,而大約。醋酸是細菌發(fā)酵和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)綜合地生產(chǎn)。品法律規(guī)定醋在食物中一定是生物制造。大約75%醋酸在化學的工業(yè)中是。占全球市場的百萬噸。兩個最大的醋酸商是CelaneseandBP. 最原始醋酸是由甲醇羰基化。在很大程度上取代了孟山都公司的生產(chǎn)過程,經(jīng)常在同一生產(chǎn)工段。之前的商業(yè)化進程,大多數(shù)醋酸生產(chǎn)孟山都公司是由氧化乙醛法制得。然而，這些副產(chǎn)品是醋酸的成本增加在生產(chǎn)過程中。運用現(xiàn)代的催化劑,該反應具有醋酸乙酯使收率大于95%。前該工藝仍是我國醋酸的主要生產(chǎn)方法。乙醛轉化率在90％以上，醋酸選擇性高于95％。放量明顯下降，僅為乙醛氧化法的十分之一。
【正文】 hose of manganese, cobalt and chromium。 peroxides form and then depose to produce acetic acid according to the chemical equation: 2 C4H10 + 5 O2 → 4 CH3COOH + 2 H2O Typically, the reaction is run at a bination of temperature and pressure designed to be as hot as possible while still keeping the butane a liquid. Typical reaction conditions are 150 176。C and 55 atm. Side products may also form, including butanone, ethyl acetate, formic acid, and propionic acid. These side products are also mercially valuable, and the reaction conditions may be altered to produce more of them if this is economically useful. However, the separation of acetic acid from these byproducts adds to the cost of the process. Under similar conditions and using similar catalysts as are used for butane oxidation, acetaldehyde can be oxidized by the oxygen in air to produce acetic acid: 2 CH3CHO + O2 → 2 CH3COOH Using modern catalysts, this reaction can have an acetic acid yield greater than 95%. The major side products are ethyl acetate, formic acid, and formaldehyde, all of which have lower boiling points than acetic acid and are readily separated by distillation. Ethylene oxidation Acetaldehyde may be prepared from ethylene via the Wacker process, and then oxidized as above. More recently a cheaper singlestage conversion of ethylene to acetic acid was mercialized by chemical pany Showa Denko, which opened an ethylene oxidation plant in ōita, Japan, in 1997. The process is catalysed by a palladium metal catalyst supported on a heteropoly acid such as tungstosilicic acid. It is thought to be petitive with methanol carbonylation for smaller plants (100–250 kt/a), depending on the local price of ethylene.
畢業(yè)設計相關推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1