【導(dǎo)讀】在本文中描述了一個(gè)關(guān)于中國(guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)能源消費(fèi)現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵問題的調(diào)查。顯的中國(guó)2021的粗鋼產(chǎn)量擴(kuò)大到萬公噸，約占世界粗鋼產(chǎn)量的43%。排放量的14%、固體廢氣物排放量的6%。由于能源利用效率低，平均每單位鋼材的生產(chǎn)。然而，在過去幾年中國(guó)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的能源利用率有明顯。最后，在中國(guó)的第11個(gè)五。年計(jì)劃的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策方面也為鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)提出了一些措施。在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中，鋼鐵行業(yè)長(zhǎng)久的發(fā)揮著重要作用。的鋼鐵行業(yè)增長(zhǎng)迅速，超過日本，在1996年成為世界上最大的鋼鐵生產(chǎn)國(guó)。中國(guó)生產(chǎn)粗鋼達(dá)萬公噸，繼續(xù)保持世界第一的排名。鐵生產(chǎn)商以來，隨著國(guó)內(nèi)需求的大幅增長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)鋼鐵業(yè)成長(zhǎng)迅速。因此，收集的中國(guó)鋼鐵生產(chǎn)能源消耗的數(shù)據(jù)也包含了其他直接和間接的。就主要國(guó)家的鋼鐵消費(fèi)差異和中國(guó)在國(guó)際鋼鐵舞臺(tái)上的角色進(jìn)行了分。這意味著，許多先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，早在中國(guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)存在，但目前行。2021年，中國(guó)的大、中型生產(chǎn)商的整體能源消費(fèi)量為每噸鋼741千克標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　

【正文】 on for the blast furnace Use of pulverized coal injection for blast furnaces is an important innovation for optimiz ing steel making systems using the blast furnace route. In addition, it is a powerful incentive to prompt the iron–steel industry to progress in many aspects such as optimizing energy stru cture, energy saving, reducing consumption of materials, cost reduction, etc. Replacing coke by coal can ease the problem of coking coal shortage caused by energy saving measures. Bes ides, it can reduce environmental pollution from the coking process while also producing con siderable economic returns resulting from the price difference between coal and coke. In 2021, the average quantity of pulverized coal injection employed for the blast furnace route by China’s large and medium producers was 137 kg per tonne of iron, which in 2021 was 118 kg per tonne of iron. The average quantity of injection has exceeded 200 kg per tonne of iron in some largescale blast furnaces of China. The 4350 m3 capacity blast furnace in Baosteel is an example. It is estimated that in 2021 the average pulverized coal injection quantity realized in China’s blast furnaces iron will be 160 kg per tonne. To eliminate lowlevel equipment and introduce and develop new technology Over the past few years, the government of China made a strong effort to eliminate lowlevel equipment. The energy consumption of China’s small iron and steel units was times higher than that of the large and medium producers. When China implemented its 11th ?veyear plan’s policy of energy saving and reducing discharge of pollutants the steel industry was restructured, its equipment capacities enhanced, and pace of modernization accelerated all of which produced an enormous effect. melteddeoxidize technology. In 2021, the number of blast furnaces with a capacity of 2021 m3 in China was 63, 17 more than that in 2021, and production capacity increased by 35%. The number of converters 14 with a capacity of 100 tonnes was 98 in 2021, eight more than that in 2021, and production capacity increased by 8%. In 2021, the overall energy consumption, the fresh water consumption, the total emission of SO2, the total soot emission, and the total mill dust emission per tonne of steel declined by about 8%, 24%, %, 3% and %, respectively, when pared with that in 2021. In addition, China’s iron and steel industries introduced and developed actively new technologies, such as COREX and C300 melteddeoxidize technology. To create the recycling economy chain within the iron–steel industry It is believed that three recycling economy chains could be developed in the iron–steel production process aiming at zero emission. First is recycling ?ue gas, which means that not only coal or coke but also ?ue gas will be recycled from blast furnaces, converters, or coke ovens to realize zero ?ue gas emission. The second is recycling industrial wastewater, which means that the consumption of fresh water will be minimized and industrial wastewater will be recycled using some treating equipment. The third is recycling solid waste materials. It is a prehensive reuse process for some raw materials such as iron ores left over from the production process. China’s traditional development pattern such as large investment, regardless of serious pollution and lower valueadded products resulted in China’s location at the low end of the value chain of the worldwide industrial structure. It is the most important reason for China’s high consumption of energy. Compared with developed countries, China’s use of poorer quality equipment and ineffective use of process energy led to lower energy utilization ef?ciency. 7 Prospects With the improvement of the overall technical level in the steel industry, the production of iron and steel has greatly expanded in the past decade. However, the iron and steel industry is still one of the major high energy consumption and high polluting industries in China. Although the energy ef?ciency of the iron and steel industry in China has made signi?cant improvement in the past few years, the average energy consumption per unit of steel is about 20% higher than that of other advanced countries owing to low energy utilization ef?ciency, the existence of some smallscale and decentralized industries and low recovery and recycling ef?ciency of the secondary energy resources. During 2021–2021, the period of China’s 11th ?veyear plan, based on existing policies, measures and standards, China will promulgate and implement some new policies with more ambitious objectives of sustainable development and restructuring in the steel industry. One objective of this plan is to build a society mitted to energy conservation and a pollutionfree environment and to develop the recycling economy chain in the iron and steel industry. Successful implementation of current sustainable development policies and measures will result in considerable energy saving. According to this plan, China’s energy consumption per GDP in ‘China’s 11th ?veyear 15 plan’ will decrease by 20%, the water consumption per unit of industrial added value will decrease by 30% and the total emission of main pollutants will decrease by 10%. Some major tasks will be undertaken for some high energy consumption industries such as the iron and steel industry, nonferrous metal industry, coal industry, power sector, and chemical industry. Therefore, a new industrial path leading to the use of technologyintensive products, optimal economic ef?ciencies, lower resource consumption, and less environmental pollution should be fed. There will be signi?cant energy savings by optimizing enduse energy utilization.