【導(dǎo)讀】然而，他們往往由顯著的相機(jī)到對(duì)象的深度的變化和閉塞的斜視組成，復(fù)雜化定。在這里，我們報(bào)告通過(guò)斜攝影技術(shù)來(lái)確定基于地面的熱感照相機(jī)方位（位置。并指出方向），并產(chǎn)生在西西里島火山的熔巖流場(chǎng)景信息。從基于大眾使用的消費(fèi)級(jí)單。反數(shù)碼相機(jī)的多個(gè)圖像來(lái)構(gòu)造一個(gè)基于地面熱圖像的地形模型和參考。來(lái)查看距離改正。對(duì)于查看約為100至400米的距離，更正導(dǎo)致在輻。衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)常用于監(jiān)測(cè)活火山，但為。熱性結(jié)構(gòu)的空間變異，限制冷卻模型從而限制衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)的使用。因此，手持式熱成像儀獲取的圖像有潛力提供了豐富。型，或最近，從衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)（Stevens等人；Chandler和Brunsden1995；Lane等，2021年）和計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)的方法已被最近開(kāi)發(fā)從。測(cè)定允許對(duì)熱圖像的每個(gè)像素的有關(guān)大氣衰減因素計(jì)算。黑色區(qū)域以及它們?cè)?021年9月27號(hào)的流域顯示在插圖上。埃特納火山，在意大利西西里島，擁有最近既熱情洋溢又適度爆炸活動(dòng)的歷史。的數(shù)據(jù)收集于9月27日2021。的“可見(jiàn)”三角形逐像素的觀察處理的。

　　

【正文】 effects which would otherwise result in a systematic error in estimated cooling trends. Knowledge of relative camera orientations (with respect to the imaged surface) is also important for examining the effects of observation angle and resolution on apparent temperature data. Furthermore, registration of this type of imagery, which can be collected at a relatively high repeat frequency, would provide image sequences suitable frequentative parisons of flow channel activity and evolution, effusion rate estimates and flow field advance, representing a valuable resource for integration with other datasets and for hazard mapping. Fig. 3 Orthorectified thermal image. Each pixel value has been corrected for atmospheric attenuation over the relevant viewing distance (ambient temperature, 176。C and relative humidity, 75%).Axes scales are meters with respect to the camera position. Areas of surface which are occluded for this camera orientation plot in black. Their angular nature is a result of defining their extent using the triangulation of the surface model. Summary 1. Multiphoto closerange photogrammetric techniques have been successfully applied to visible and thermal images of lava flows collected using groundbased Cameras. 2. The visible images have been used to generate topographic data and to assist registration of the thermal imagery. 3. The bination of known imaging geometry and topographic data allows observation distances to be calculated and hence relevant atmospheric attenuation corrections to be applied to each pixel in the thermal images. 4. Photogrammetric orthorectification and geo referencing of the thermal images provides quantitative results for further analysis of lavaflow development (. Channel migration, transition from channel to tube morphology, the effect of flow fronts constraining advance rates)and for bination with other image datasets. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Royal Society. We thank S. Calvari, J. Dehn, D. Rothery and an anonymous reviewer for thorough reviews which have improved the text. References Baldi P, Bonvalot S, Briole P, Marsella M (2021) Digital photogrammetry and kinematic GPS applied to the monitoring of Vulcano Island, Aeolian Arc, Italy. Geophys J Int 142:801–811 Berk A, Bernstein LS, Robertson DC (1989) MODTRAN: a moderate resolution model for LOWTRAN 7. Hans Air Force Base, MA: Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Bedford, MA, p 38 Burton MR, Neri M, Andronico D, Branca S, Caltabiano T, Calvari S, Corsaro RA, Del Carlo P, Lanzafame G, Lodato L, Miraglia L, Salerno G, Spampinato L (2021) Etna 2021–2021: an archetype for geodynamicallycontrolled effusive Res Lett 32:L09303. DOI Calvari S, Spampinato L, Lodato L, Harris AJL, Patrick MR, Dehn J, Bruton MR, Andronico D (2021) Chronology and plex volcanic processes during the 2021–2021 flank eruption at Stromboli volcano (Italy) reconstructed from direct observations and surveys with a handheld thermal Geophys Res 110:B02201. DOI JB003129 Cecchi E, van Wyk de Vries B, Lavest JM, Harris A, Davies M (2021) Nview measurement in volcanology. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 123:181–201 Chandler JH, Brunsden D (1995) Steadystate behavior of the BlackVen mudslide: the application of archival analytical photogrammetry to studies of landform change. Earth Surf Process Landf 20:255–275 Donegan SJ, Flynn LP (2021) Comparison of the response of the landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper plus and the earth observing1 advanced land imager over active lava flows. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 135:105–126. DOI Granshaw SI (1980) Bundle adjustment methods in engineering photogrammetry. Photo gramm Rec 10:181–207 Guest JE, Kilburn CRJ, Pinkerton H, Duncan AM (1987) The evolution of lava flowfields: observations of the 1981 and 1983 eruptions of Mount Etna, Sicily. Bull Volcanol 49:527–540 Hidaka M, Goto A, Umino S, Fujita E (2021) VTFS project: development of the lava flow simulation code LavaSIM with amodel for threedimensional convection, spreading and Geophys Geosys 6:Q07008. DOI Kerle N (2021) Volume estimation of the 1998 flank collapse at Casita volcano, Nicaragua: a parison of photogrammetric and conventional techniques. Earth Surf Process Landf 27:759–772 Lane SN, Chandler JH, Porfiri K (2021) Monitoring river channel and flume surfaces with digital photogrammetry. J Hydraul Eng 127:871–877 Mazzarini F, Pareschi MT, Favalli M, Isola I, Tarquini S, Boschi E (2021) Morphology of basaltic lava channels during the September 2021 eruption from airborne laser altimeter data. Geophys Res Lett 32:L04305. DOI Papadaki H (2021) Accuracy of dense surface measurements in an integrated photogrammetry and machine vision framework. Int Arch Photogram Remote Sensing 34:68–73 Pieri D, Abrams M (2021) ASTER watches the world’s volcanoes: a new paradigm for volcano logical observations from orbit. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 135:13 –28 Robson S, Shortis MR, Ray SF (1999) Vision metrology with super wide angle and fisheye optics. In: Videometrics VI. SPIE Volume 3641, SPIE, San Jose, pp 199–206 Rothery DA, Francis PW, Wood CA (1988) Volcano monitoring using short wavelength infrared data from satellites. J Geophys Res 93:7993–8008 Stevens NF, Garbeil H, MouginisMark PJ (2021) NASA EOS Terra ASTER: volcanic topographic mapping and Sens Environ 90:405–414