【導(dǎo)讀】文章標(biāo)題用3號(hào)宋體，章節(jié)標(biāo)題用4號(hào)宋體，正。按中文翻譯在上，外文原文在下的順序裝訂。行規(guī)定》，如“2021年2月26日”。的早期惡化和損壞，已經(jīng)成為混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)方面的主要問(wèn)題。主要因素是混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)所存在的環(huán)境和氣候狀況。迅速，進(jìn)而形成一種惡性的發(fā)展，而且很難被停止。對(duì)混凝土和混凝土修理的抑制混合物腐蝕的影響則進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)討論。土之間的電化學(xué)差別的更廣泛理解認(rèn)為對(duì)修理的結(jié)構(gòu)使用有效的鋼筋保護(hù)是必要的。沖突，并且導(dǎo)致他們對(duì)我們提供的建筑物用途的功能感到不滿意。然而與預(yù)期相反，目前，提出腐蝕問(wèn)題的基本原理指導(dǎo)還未發(fā)表。得到支持的行業(yè)和政府代表展現(xiàn)了對(duì)于解決問(wèn)題的決心。材料等等或者安全帶和懸掛系統(tǒng)等措施來(lái)解決。的過(guò)早腐蝕問(wèn)題建立關(guān)于鋼筋保護(hù)的事實(shí)，特別是提出關(guān)于防腐材料的問(wèn)題。修理工作和新建筑有著重要的不同，不同因

　　

【正文】 cture without first having a very clear idea of what environment it is going to be exposed to, and how it is going to behave in this environment. Unfortunately, repair projects are often not designed this way. Very little consideration is given to the interior environment in the repair system and, therefore, little is known about how the repair will behave in this environment. In repair systems, the interior is constantly changing due to the existence of the interior transport mechanism in addition to the exterior transport described earlier. Water with dissolved salts may be transported by temperature and pressure gradients. Dissolved substances can also move by diffusion in water saturated concrete with a stagnant water phase if there is a concentration gradient. Finally, ions will migrate in an electric field, and this is what provides electrical conductivity in a repair system. With a plex posite system such as a concrete repair, aggressive exterior and interior environments, and their interaction, bee a major factor in initiating a progressively cumulative damage attack. Progression of reinforcement corrosion and concrete deterioration bees an overall synergistic process, a plex bination of a variety of individual mechanisms, the exact role, effect and contribution of each is not clearly understood. Variability in almost everything is typical for repair systems. Occasionally these variables cancel each other, but usually, as a rule, they are likely to be cumulative. It is appropriate to note the first law of concrete repair corrosion, If the repair can get in the wrong environment, it will. Conclusions (1) Corrosion of embedded reinforcement and its protection in repaired concrete structures is a very plex phenomenon. Many repair failures can 13 be attributed to the lack of plete understanding of the nature and consequences of electrochemical activities in a repair system, and therefore, to an inability to accurately predict the performance of a protective system and service life of a repaired structure. (2) There are a large number of corrosion protection treatments on the market that claim a variety of properties. Their behavior in protection against corrosion of reinforcement is not well established, and there are no reliable standard test methods to assess their likely performance. Adequate research is required to provide for evaluation of different systems. One needs to know how good the protected repair structure is, and how long it will afford that protection. In order to give confidence in the technology the science should provide the credible basis on which prognosis of performance and longevity can be made. (3) Overmagnification or poor reproduction of repair systems and exposure conditions, especially interior ones, in laboratory tests, often produce misleading results. How can one expect that the money spent on additional protection of reinforcement in repairs is not wasted, if test methods used to evaluate these protective systems neither reflect the mechanisms of corrosion in repaired structures, nor stimulate the physicochemical effects that lead to corrosion of steel in a real repaired structure? The research behind some of the currently used test methods is rather narrow. (4) Investigators of various protection methods are stating that the effectiveness of their methods is always better in good quality concrete. One can conclude that good quality new concrete and good quality repair are the best protective systems for embedded reinforcing steel from corrosion––this is basics of concrete technology. The protective measures can be taken in addition, but not as substitutes for getting the basics right. (5) The central theme of this paper revolves not around the truth or falsity of author_s views on the several issues。 that is irrelevant. What it means is that questions raised are not unsolvable mysteries but simply a proof that we are still in the grouping, study stage. After all as Benjamin Franklin stated, “Well done is better than well said!” References [1] Mather B. Realizing the potential of concrete as a construction material. In: Proceedings of the International Conference. Sheffield, England, 1999, pp. 14 1–10. [2] Alekseyev SN, Rozental NK. Resistance of reinforced concrete in industrial environment (in Russian). Strogisdat, Moscow: 1976. [3] Bentur A, Diamond S, Berke NS. Steel corrosion in amp。FN Spon。 1997. 201 pp. [4] Emmons PH, Vaysburd AM. Protection of reinforcement in concrete repair: myth and reality. Concr Int 1997。19(3):47–56. [5] Rebar protection alternatives. Concrete Repair Bulletin, International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) 1993。(September/October):10–3. [6] Moskvin VM, Alexev SN. Beton i Zhelezobeton 1957。28(1). [7] Spellman DL, Stratfull RF. Concrete variables and corrosion testing. Highway Research Record 1973。423:27. [8] Gaig RJ, Wood LE. of Corrosion Inhibitors and their on the physical properties of Portland cement mortars. Highway Research Record 1970。228:16–25. [9] Manns W, Eichler WR. The corrosionpromoting action of concrete admixtures containing thiocyanate. Betonwerk and FertigleilTechik (Wiesbaden) 1982。48(3):154–62. [10] Ramachandran VS, editor. Properties, science and admixtures handbook. Noyes Publication。 1984. p. 540–6. 15 指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)： 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日 系 (教研室 )意見(jiàn)： 主任簽字： 年 月 日