物流外文資料翻譯---組合優(yōu)化和綠色物流-其他專業(yè)-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-01-19 03:33本頁(yè)面
【導(dǎo)讀】本文重點(diǎn)介紹了逆向物流、廢物管理和物流配送車輛調(diào)度等問題。因此，綠色物流的目標(biāo)并不只是關(guān)注物流政策的執(zhí)行對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響，還。關(guān)注對(duì)社會(huì)具有的更加廣泛的影響，如對(duì)環(huán)境污染的影響。近年來關(guān)于人們?cè)诘厍虻幕顒?dòng)和物流實(shí)踐對(duì)環(huán)境造成的影響。很多組織和企業(yè)開始測(cè)量他們碳的排放量，以便可以監(jiān)視他們的。政府現(xiàn)正考慮減少排放和其它環(huán)保措施。本，將其降至最低。境帶來重大影響。討論了不同領(lǐng)域的有關(guān)綠色物流的議程。第二部分闡述了對(duì)逆向物流的擔(dān)憂以及考。在文獻(xiàn)中可以找到各種逆向物流的定義。道拉圖沙斯逆向物流解釋為”制造商有系統(tǒng)地從。逆向物流應(yīng)該從消費(fèi)者手。著逆向物流應(yīng)列入綠色物流。品返回檢查庫(kù)存管理問題。歐洲共同體內(nèi)部立法高度重視產(chǎn)品的循環(huán)再造，而且，在某些情。況下，已確立了制造商在產(chǎn)品使用結(jié)束后的相關(guān)責(zé)任。這種立法是建立逆向物流業(yè)務(wù)的重要性的一種驅(qū)動(dòng)。公司會(huì)越來越多的考慮將逆向物流活動(dòng)納入他們的業(yè)務(wù)操作之中。
【正文】 asic Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) can be described in the following are given a set of homogeneous vehicles each of capacity Q, located at a central depot and a set of customers with known locations and demands to be satisfied by deliveries from the central depot. Each vehicle route must start and end at the central depot and the total customer demand satisfied by deliveries on each route must not exceed the vehicle capacity, Q. The objective is to determine a set of routes for the vehicles that will minimize the total cost. The total cost is usually proportional to the total distance traveled if the number of vehicles is fixed and may also include an additional term proportional to the number of vehicles used if the number of routes may vary. The CVRP and many of its variants have been well studied in the literature since its introduction by Dantzig and Ramser (1959). Its exact solution is difficult to determine for largescale problems as it is a member of the class of NPhard problems. Specialised algorithms are able to consistently find optimal solutions for cases with up to about 50 customers。 larger problems have been solved to optimality in some cases, but often at the expense of considerable puting practice, other variations and additional constraints that must be taken into consideration usually make the vehicle routing problem even more difficult to solve to many solution procedures are based on heuristic algorithms that are designed to provide good feasible solutions within an acceptable puting time, but without a guarantee of optimality. There are several books and survey articles that summarize different approaches and provide references to the large number of journal articles that have been written on this topic (., Golden and Assad 1988。 Toth and Vigo 2021). There are many other research works about the classical CVRP. Some exact methods have been tailored for this problem (., Laporte and Nobert 1987。 Agarwal et al. 1989。 Lysgaard et al. 2021。 Fukasawa et ). Others have proposed approximate methods and heuristics due to the plexity of the problem and the need to solve it in a reasonable puting time (see Gendreau et 。 Laporte and Semet 2021。 Cordeau and Laporte 2021。 Cordeau et al. 2021). Most of these approaches are based on local search techniques. Most papers assume that the costs and times of traveling between the depot and the customers and between customers are known and fixed. They are either given or calculated using a shortest path algorithm on the graph or work representing the locations. In practice,the times and shortest paths may vary, particularly by time of day. 5 Conclusions This paper has described the field covered by Green Logistics and described some of the new problems that arise when the objectives considered are not simply economic, but involve wider environmental and social considerations too. There are many different types of operational research models that have key roles to play in dealing with Green Logistics issues, but in this paper we have concentrated on describing areas where binatorial optimization is central to the design of acceptable solutions. It is expected that as environmental factors assume increasing importance, the effective use of binatorial optimization theories and techniques will be needed to meet the challenges of new is a research consortium in the UK working on many different aspects of Green Logistics models and more information can be found on the website of the Green Logistics project. The Green Logistics project includes several work modules that relate to topics covered in this review such as reverse logistics and the effect of vehicle routing and scheduling policies on the Green Logistics agenda.
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