外文翻譯--起重機(jī)的工作需要更多的科學(xué)技術(shù)-其他專業(yè)-資料下載頁(yè)
【導(dǎo)讀】及其特點(diǎn)，并對(duì)起重機(jī)的安全問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析。的作用是相當(dāng)明顯的。社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)，包括建造業(yè)和起重機(jī)行業(yè)。年超過(guò)百分之五十的機(jī)車將使用柴油機(jī)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，挖掘機(jī)，鏟運(yùn)機(jī)和起重機(jī)的大。規(guī)模生產(chǎn)在繼續(xù)。重量達(dá)噸，MC–2起重量為噸，MC–3起重量為噸。當(dāng)日本國(guó)家鐵路公司致力于采購(gòu)一種旨在搬動(dòng)鋼軌扣板的原型機(jī)，潮流逆轉(zhuǎn)。中型設(shè)備，對(duì)橋式起重機(jī)的載荷要求較高，所以對(duì)減速器性能要求較高。要求檢測(cè)設(shè)備有隨機(jī)手動(dòng)控制功能，以保證運(yùn)行時(shí)的安全。隨著塔式起重機(jī)在施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的廣泛使用，由塔式起重機(jī)引。據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)有關(guān)部門統(tǒng)計(jì)。資料表明，塔式起重機(jī)的事故率已達(dá)%。塔式起重機(jī)是特別危險(xiǎn)的，尤其是在市區(qū)用地變得更加擁擠時(shí)。然而，大多數(shù)塔式起重機(jī)攀登員的訓(xùn)練，在一。在許多情況下沒有安全裝置或警報(bào)來(lái)提醒嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題的存在。受到影響安全性至關(guān)重要的決策所帶來(lái)的壓力。統(tǒng)，沒有任何的調(diào)整，這并不鮮見。在黑暗中工作和延長(zhǎng)工作時(shí)間是時(shí)有發(fā)生的。
【正文】 ? Riggers and signal persons also need standard training and testing to ensure safety under the hook. Employers usually allow any craft to signal a crane on a jobsite, despite best practices that require only qualified people do so. How is it then that uncertified and untrained people are allowed to signal and rig under the hook of a licensed or certified operator? Tower cranes are particularly risky as urban sites bee more congested, and the risk of a catastrophic event is very high during climbing operations. Yet most towercrane climbing crews are trained in a nontraditional manner, via secondhand knowledge that has been passed down over time. The problem with this type of handmedown knowledge is that it changes over the years, leaving out smallbutimportant details along the way. This osmosis of knowledge leads crews to develop their own tricks for climbing cranes, often forsaking basic safety in an attempt to save time and energy. In many cases, there are no safety devices or alarms to warn of a serious problem. Climbing crews are subjected to pressures that affect safetycritical decisionmaking. It is not unmon for climbs to continue with damaged or leaking hydraulic systems, outofadjustment or jammed guide rollers, often working in the dark and for extended hours. This MacGyver method of climbing, where every jump bees a new adventure, should not be the norm. Climbingframe designs vary among manufacturers, but the operational steps are similar in principle. The climbing process is relatively straightforward, with a mixture of physical work and technical procedure. It is not plex。 it is more about knowing the proper sequence of what needs to be done and then following the steps, one by one, making sure each step has been successfully pleted before moving onto the next. It is essential that everyone know exactly what is going on and what the dangers are at every stage. When these needs are satisfied, crane operations should be carried out in strict accordance with the manufacturers39。 instructions, engineering principals and governmental laws. But industry stakeholders and lawmakers need to step up their lax standards to protect the public. New York City residents, who have seen their homes turned into dust and debris, would be shocked at the way the industry deals with these issues. That39。s why the industry needs standardized training, testing and oversight for this work, including a practical assessment of petence. Technicians should have modelspecific training directly from the manufacturer, along with a level of practical experience. Inspectors, too, should be required to have specific technical training. They should be independent from all aspects of installation and maintenance to allow for objective decisions. Key personnel on erection crews should have standard training and testing.
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