【正文】 , and being unfamiliar with a language is no excuse. If you39。re unsure whether you39。re pronouncing a name correctly, just ask. Think of it as a way to expand and strengthen understanding, both personally and culturally. When meeting someone for the first time, make sure that you heard the name correctly. It doesn39。t take a lot to simply repeat the name back. Spell it out. Write it down. Do whatever you have to do to get the name right. Making the effort to correctly pronounce someone39。s name is an essential part of cultural petency (文化素養(yǎng)). Without this, we cannot expect to show respect and tolerance for our diverse munity.（1）What may a person39。s name tell us? A.His cultural background.B.His physical appearance.C.His favorite sound.D.His attitude to life.（2）What39。s the longterm influence of mispronouncing ones name? A.The feeling of shame may be caused.B.The person may feel overburdened.C.The character of the person may change.D.The person may try to hide his roots.（3）What does the writer think of mispronouncing a name repeatedly? A.It is unavoidable.B.It is unacceptable.C.It strengthens friendship.D.It shows discrimination.（4）What39。s the last paragraph mainly about? A.How to show our respect for others.B.How to avoid mispronouncing names.C.How to improve our pronunciation.D.How to live harmoniously in a munity.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人的名字所代表的含義。一個(gè)名字不僅僅是一個(gè)單詞。它承載著一個(gè)人整個(gè)身份的重量。名字可以代表一個(gè)人的種族和文化，也可以表示對祖先的尊重。一個(gè)自取的名字可能代表一個(gè)人的信仰或選擇的身份。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“A name can represent a person39。s ethnicity (種族身份) and culture, or show respect for their ancestral roots.”名字可以代表一個(gè)人的種族和文化，也可以表示對祖先的尊重?？芍粋€(gè)人的名字可以告訴他的文化背景。故選A。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“In the long term, this might cause someone to distance themselves from their roots.”從長遠(yuǎn)來看，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些人遠(yuǎn)離自己的根?？芍?，讀錯(cuò)名字的長期影響是這個(gè)人可能會(huì)試圖隱藏他的根源。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Mispronouncing a name repeatedly, however, shows a lack of effort. It is not okay to be fortable with mispronouncing names, and being unfamiliar with a language is no excuse.”然而，反復(fù)念錯(cuò)一個(gè)名字，表明你缺乏努力。對名字念錯(cuò)感到不舒服是不好的，不熟悉一門語言也不是借口?？芍?，作者對一個(gè)名字反復(fù)發(fā)錯(cuò)音這是不可接受的。故選B。 （4）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“If you39。re unsure whether you39。re pronouncing a name correctly, just ask. Think of it as a way to expand and strengthen understanding, both personally and culturally.“如果你不確定你的名字發(fā)音是否正確，直接問。把它看作是擴(kuò)展和加強(qiáng)理解的一種方式，無論是個(gè)人的還是文化的?！笨芍?，最后一段講述的是“如何避免名字發(fā)音錯(cuò)誤?！惫蔬xB。 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 Nobel prize winners sometimes display as much uniqueness when deciding how to spend their prize money as they did on the work that won them the award in the first place. When Sir Paul Nurse won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2001, he decided to upgrade his motorbike. A fellow winner in 1993, Richard Roberts, installed a croquet lawn in front of his house. Austrian author Elfriede Jelinek, who won in 2004, said the prize meant financial independence. Lars Heikensten, executive director of the Nobel Foundation, said there were no obvious shopping trends among winners. I think it depends a lot on which country they e from, their personal finances... what kind of ines they have when they get the prize, he said. Real estate, however, is a popular option, at least among those willing to reveal what they spend the money on. Phillip Sharp, the American cowinner of the 1993 medicine prize, decided to splash out on a 100yearold Federal style house. I took that money and bought a little bit bigger house... It39。s a beautiful old place, he told AFP(法新社), adding that The money is a nice part of the process, but the important thing about the prize is the recognition. For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clearcut, as the honor tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. Many, like US President Barack Obama in 2009 and the European Union in 2012, donate to charities. Literature winners tend to be more private about how they use the money, but the choice is often equally straightforward. Even if Nobelwinning authors are quite well known, many of them will not have made much money from writing, said Anna Gunder, a Nobel literature expert at Uppsala University. While the prize might keep the wolf from the door for some years, giving them freedom to write, it can also briefly have the opposite effect. It really changes their careers… During the first year after they39。ve won they often write less, but they generally continue after a year or two, said Gunder.（1）From the passage, we learn that ______. A.The money is actually the best part of the Nobel PrizeB.Nobel winners have great originality in using prize moneyC.Few winners would spend their prize money on housesD.Winners bee more independent on their country（2）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase clearcut in paragraph 6? A.openB.privateC.uniqueD.plex（3）According to the passage, in the first year after winning Noble Prize, literature winners may . A.bee less productiveB.make more money from writingC.have the freedom to create more and better worksD.disappear from the public eyes for a period of time【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者在決定如何花他們的獎(jiǎng)金時(shí)展現(xiàn)出很多的獨(dú)特性。比如，房產(chǎn)就是眾多諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者喜歡投資的方向。作者還提到了諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)獲得者對獎(jiǎng)金的花費(fèi)更公開，而文學(xué)家獲得者對獎(jiǎng)金的花費(fèi)更私人化。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者在決定如何花他們的獎(jiǎng)金時(shí)展現(xiàn)出很多的獨(dú)特性。originality獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，創(chuàng)造性， 故選B。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第六段中的“For winners